{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T08:02:20Z","timestamp":1792569740119,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (\n            <jats:italic>RyR2<\/jats:italic>\n            ) have been recently identified in victims of sudden infant death syndrome. The aim of this study was to determine whether a gain-of-function mutation in\n            <jats:italic>RyR2<\/jats:italic>\n            increases the propensity to cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death in young mice.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Incidence of sudden death was monitored prospectively in heterozygous knock-in mice with mutation R176Q in\n            <jats:italic>RyR2<\/jats:italic>\n            (R176Q\/+). Young R176Q\/+ mice exhibited a higher incidence of sudden death compared with wild-type littermates. Optical mapping of membrane potentials and intracellular calcium in 1- to 7-day-old R176Q\/+ and wild-type mice revealed an increased incidence of ventricular ectopy and spontaneous calcium releases in neonatal R176Q\/+ mice. Surface ECGs in 3- to 10-day-old mice showed that R176Q\/+ mice developed more ventricular arrhythmias after provocation with epinephrine and caffeine. Intracardiac pacing studies in 12- to 18-day-old mice revealed the presence of an arrhythmogenic substrate in R176Q\/+ compared with wild-type mice. Reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting showed that expression levels of other calcium handling proteins were unaltered, suggesting that calcium leak through mutant\n            <jats:italic>RyR2<\/jats:italic>\n            underlies arrhythmogenesis and sudden death in young R176Q\/+ mice.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Our findings demonstrate that a gain-of-function mutation in\n            <jats:italic>RyR2<\/jats:italic>\n            confers an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death in young mice and that young R176Q\/+ mice may be used as a model for elucidating the complex interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.109.894683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,18]],"date-time":"2009-09-18T04:36:24Z","timestamp":1253248584000},"page":"677-685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Mice With an Inherited Mutation in\n            <i>RyR2<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Nitin","family":"Mathur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (N.M., S.S., R.J.v.O., S.S., N.L., D.G.S., J.H.B., X.H.T.W.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.M., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; and Methodist Hospital\/Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University (S.W., M.V.), Houston, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subeena","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (N.M., S.S., R.J.v.O., S.S., N.L., D.G.S., J.H.B., X.H.T.W.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.M., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; and Methodist Hospital\/Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University (S.W., M.V.), Houston, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (N.M., S.S., R.J.v.O., S.S., N.L., D.G.S., J.H.B., X.H.T.W.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.M., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; and Methodist Hospital\/Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University (S.W., M.V.), Houston, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph J.","family":"van Oort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (N.M., S.S., R.J.v.O., S.S., N.L., D.G.S., J.H.B., X.H.T.W.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.M., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; and Methodist Hospital\/Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University (S.W., M.V.), Houston, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyam","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (N.M., S.S., R.J.v.O., S.S., N.L., D.G.S., J.H.B., X.H.T.W.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.M., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; and Methodist Hospital\/Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University (S.W., M.V.), Houston, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (N.M., S.S., R.J.v.O., S.S., N.L., D.G.S., J.H.B., X.H.T.W.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.M., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; and Methodist Hospital\/Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University (S.W., M.V.), Houston, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darlene G.","family":"Skapura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (N.M., S.S., R.J.v.O., S.S., N.L., D.G.S., J.H.B., X.H.T.W.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (N.M., X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; and Methodist Hospital\/Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University (S.W., M.V.), Houston, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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