{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:58:29Z","timestamp":1791219509481,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) promotes atrial remodeling and can develop secondary to heart failure or mitral valve disease. Cardiac endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression responds to wall stress and can promote myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. We tested the hypothesis that atrial ET-1 is elevated in AF and is associated with AF persistence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Left atrial appendage tissue was studied from coronary artery bypass graft, valve repair, and\/or Maze procedure in patients in sinus rhythm with no history of AF (SR, n=21), with history of AF but in SR at surgery (AF\/SR, n=23), and in AF at surgery (AF\/AF, n=32). The correlation of LA size with atrial protein and mRNA expression of ET-1 and ET-1 receptors (ETAR and ETBR)was evaluated. LA appendage ET-1 content was higher in AF\/AF than in SR, but receptor levels were similar. Immunostaining revealed that ET-1 and its receptors were present both in atrial myocytes and in fibroblasts. ET-1 content was positively correlated with LA size, heart failure, AF persistence, and severity of mitral regurgitation. Multivariate analysis confirmed associations of ET-1 with AF, hypertension, and LA size. LA size was associated with ET-1 and MR severity. ET-1 mRNA levels were correlated with genes involved in cardiac dilatation, hypertrophy, and fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated atrial ET-1 content is associated with increased LA size, AF rhythm, hypertension, and heart failure. ET-1 is associated with atrial dilatation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy and probably contributes to AF persistence. Interventions that reduce atrial ET-1 expression and\/or block its receptors may slow AF progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.109.924985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,21]],"date-time":"2010-05-21T20:56:27Z","timestamp":1274475387000},"page":"369-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Association of Left Atrial Endothelin-1 With Atrial Rhythm, Size, and Fibrosis in Patients With Structural Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Fadia","family":"Mayyas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Cardiology (F.M., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Molecular Medicine (F.M., D.R.V.W.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., A.Z., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.); and the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery (A.M.G.); the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Niebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Cardiology (F.M., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Molecular Medicine (F.M., D.R.V.W.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., A.Z., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.); and the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery (A.M.G.); the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Zurick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Cardiology (F.M., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Molecular Medicine (F.M., D.R.V.W.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., A.Z., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.); and the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery (A.M.G.); the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Barnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Cardiology (F.M., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Molecular Medicine (F.M., D.R.V.W.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., A.Z., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.); and the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery (A.M.G.); the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Marc","family":"Gillinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Cardiology (F.M., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Molecular Medicine (F.M., D.R.V.W.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., A.Z., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.); and the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery (A.M.G.); the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina K.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Cardiology (F.M., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Molecular Medicine (F.M., D.R.V.W.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., A.Z., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.); and the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery (A.M.G.); the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Van Wagoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Molecular Cardiology (F.M., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Molecular Medicine (F.M., D.R.V.W.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University; the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (M.N., A.Z., M.K.C., D.R.V.W.); the Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.); and the Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery (A.M.G.); the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm341"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.02.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hy0302.105683"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-69-1-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00529-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.748053"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-6147(00)01524-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011344200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1994.1462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.357"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"1411","article-title":"Differential morphometric and ultrastructural remodelling in the left atrium and left ventricle in rapid ventricular pacing-induced heart failure","volume":"16","author":"O'Brien DW","year":"2000","unstructured":"O'Brien DW, Fu Y, Parker HR, Chan SY, Idikio H, Scott PG, Jugdutt BI. 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