{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:41:53Z","timestamp":1762004513587},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Supraventricular arrhythmias (junctional ectopic tachycardia [JET] and atrial tachyarrhythmias) frequently complicate recovery from open heart surgery in children and can be difficult to manage. Medical treatment of JET can result in significant morbidity. Our goal was to develop a nonpharmacological approach using autonomic stimulation of selective fat pad (FP) regions of the heart in a young canine model of open heart surgery to control 2 common postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Eight mongrel dogs, varying in age from 5 to 8 months and weighting 22\u00b14 kg, underwent open heart surgery replicating a nontransannular approach to tetralogy of Fallot repair. Neural stimulation of the right inferior FP was used to control the ventricular response to supraventricular arrhythmias. Right inferior FP stimulation decreased baseline AV nodal conduction without altering sinus cycle length. AV node Wenckebach cycle length prolonged from 270\u00b133 to 352\u00b189 ms,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02. Atrial fibrillation occurred in 7 animals, simulating a rapid atrial tachyarrhythmias. FP stimulation slowed the ventricular response rate from 166\u00b158 to 63\u00b129 beats per minute,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001. Postoperative JET occurred in 7 dogs. FP stimulation slowed the ventricular rate during postoperative JET from 148\u00b131 to 106\u00b132 beats per minute,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001, and restored sinus rhythm in 7\/7 dogs.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Right inferior FP stimulation had a selective effect on the AV node, and slowed the ventricular rate during postoperative JET and atrial tachyarrhythmias in our young canine open heart surgery model. FP stimulation may be a useful new technique for managing children with JET and atrial tachyarrhythmias.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.113.000090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,21]],"date-time":"2013-05-21T05:07:46Z","timestamp":1369112866000},"page":"641-647","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nonpharmacologic Control of Postoperative Supraventricular Arrhythmias Using AV Nodal Fat Pad Stimulation in a Young Animal Open Heart Surgical Model"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Moak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco A.","family":"Mercader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingchao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Trachiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Langert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Blicharz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Montaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao I.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"McCarter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gene A.","family":"Bornzin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerard R.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Jonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Cardiology (J.P.M., G.R.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (D.H., E.M., R.A.J.), Departments of Biomedical Engineering (A.B.) and Biostatistics and Informatics (Y.I.C., R.M.), Children\u2019s National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Divisions of Cardiology (M.A.M.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (G.T., J.L., X.L.), The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; and St Jude Medical CRMD, Sylmar, CA (G.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.534149"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(87)80351-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(87)90077-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.32.3.393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.4.H1490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","article-title":"Newly created animal model of human postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia.","author":"Moak JP","unstructured":"Moak JP, Mercader MA, He D, Kumar TS, Trachiotis G, McCarter R, Jonas RA. 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