{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:18:24Z","timestamp":1789665504404,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Previous studies showed that endocardial activation during long-duration ventricular fibrillation (VF) exhibits organized activity. We identified and quantified the different types of organized activity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Two 64-electrode basket catheters were inserted, respectively, into the left ventricle and right ventricle of dogs to record endocardial activation from the endocardium during 7 minutes of VF (controls, n=6). The study was repeated with the K\n              <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n              channel opener pinacidil (n=6) and the calcium channel blocker flunarizine (n=6). After 2 minutes of VF without drugs, 2 highly organized left ventricular endocardial activation patterns were observed: (1) ventricular electric synchrony pattern, in which endocardial activation arose focally and either had a propagation sequence similar to sinus rhythm or arose near papillary muscles, and (2) stable pattern, in which activation was regular and repeatable, sometimes forming a stable re-entrant circuit around the left ventricular apex. Between 3 and 7 minutes of VF, the percent of time ventricular electric synchrony was present was control=25%, flunarizine=24% (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.44), and pinacidil=0.1% (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) and the percent of time stable pattern was present was control=71%, flunarizine=48% (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and pinacidil=56% (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). The remainder of the time, nonstable re-entrant activation with little repeatability was present.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              After 3 minutes, VF exhibits 2 highly organized endocardial activation patterns 96% of the time, one potentially arising focally in the Purkinje system that was prevented with a K\n              <jats:sub>ATP<\/jats:sub>\n              channel opener but not a calcium channel blocker and the other potentially arising from a stable re-entrant circuit near the apical left ventricular endocardium.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.113.000459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,16]],"date-time":"2013-11-16T05:36:56Z","timestamp":1384580216000},"page":"1192-1199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Long-Duration Ventricular Fibrillation Exhibits 2 Distinct Organized States"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (X.Z., J.H., S.M.P., R.E.I.), Biomedical Engineering (S.M.P.), and Physiology (S.M.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Internal Medicine, CARMA Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.L., D.J.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangsheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (X.Z., J.H., S.M.P., R.E.I.), Biomedical Engineering (S.M.P.), and Physiology (S.M.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Internal Medicine, CARMA Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.L., D.J.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek J.","family":"Dosdall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (X.Z., J.H., S.M.P., R.E.I.), Biomedical Engineering (S.M.P.), and Physiology (S.M.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Internal Medicine, CARMA Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.L., D.J.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (X.Z., J.H., S.M.P., R.E.I.), Biomedical Engineering (S.M.P.), and Physiology (S.M.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Internal Medicine, CARMA Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.L., D.J.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Pogwizd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (X.Z., J.H., S.M.P., R.E.I.), Biomedical Engineering (S.M.P.), and Physiology (S.M.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Internal Medicine, CARMA Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.L., D.J.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond E.","family":"Ideker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Medicine (X.Z., J.H., S.M.P., R.E.I.), Biomedical Engineering (S.M.P.), and Physiology (S.M.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; and Department of Internal Medicine, CARMA Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (L.L., D.J.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"797","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death.","author":"Myerburg RJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Myerburg RJ, Catellanos ASudden cardiac death., Zopes DP, Jalife J, eds. 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