{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:52:12Z","timestamp":1790344332674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Rapid pulmonary vein (PV) activity has been shown to maintain paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). We evaluated in persistent AF the cycle length (CL) gradient between PVs and the left atrium (LA) in an attempt to identify the subset of patients where PVs play an important role.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Ninety-seven consecutive patients undergoing first ablation for persistent AF were studied. For each PV, the CL of the fastest activation was assessed over 1 minute (PV\n              <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n              ) using Lasso recordings. The PV to LA CL gradient was quantified by the ratio of PV\n              <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n              to LA appendage (LAA) AF CL. Stepwise ablation terminated AF in 73 patients (75%). In the AF termination group, the PV\n              <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n              CL was much shorter than the LAA CL resulting in lower PV\n              <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n              \/LAA ratios compared with the nontermination group (71\u00b110% versus 92\u00b17%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). Within the termination group, PV\n              <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n              \/LAA ratios were notably lower if AF terminated after PV isolation or limited adjunctive substrate ablation compared with patients who required moderate or extensive ablation (63\u00b16% versus 75\u00b18%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). PV\n              <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n              \/LAA ratio &lt;69% predicted AF termination after PV isolation or limited substrate ablation with 74% positive predictive value and 95% negative predictive value. After a mean follow-up of 29\u00b117 months, freedom from arrhythmia recurrence off-antiarrhythmic drugs was achieved in most patients with PV\n              <jats:sub>fast<\/jats:sub>\n              \/LAA ratios &lt;69% as opposed to the remaining population (80% versus 43%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The PV to LA CL gradient may identify the subset of patients in whom persistent AF is likely to terminate after PV isolation or limited substrate ablation and better long-term outcomes are achieved.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.113.001264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,15]],"date-time":"2014-05-15T04:13:59Z","timestamp":1400127239000},"page":"473-482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pulmonary Veins to Left Atrium Cycle Length Gradient Predicts Procedural and Clinical Outcomes of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Patrizio","family":"Pascale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Roten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Scherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled","family":"Ramoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Derval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Sacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9l\u00e8ze","family":"Hocini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Ja\u00efs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; and LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Ha\u00efssaguerre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the H\u00f4pital Cardiologique du Haut-L\u00e9v\u00eaque and Universit\u00e9 Victor Segalen, Bordeaux II, France; 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