{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:07:20Z","timestamp":1782515240567,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The use of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has increased significantly since its initial approval in 2001 for use in patients with advanced heart failure. However, trends in utilization of CRT have not been systematically characterized.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to identify all patients with CRT implantation during 2002 to 2010. The overall trends in CRT device implantation, patient characteristics, and outcomes were examined in detail and compared among demographic subgroups. During 2002 to 2010, a total of 374\u2009202 CRT procedures were recorded. Significant and persistent gender and racial disparities favoring men (71.4%) and white (79.6%), respectively, were noted in all years. The highest number of CRT devices were implanted in the 65- to 84-year age group (64.6%), with significant increase in number of CRT implants in older patients \u226585 years over the years (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02). The CRT-associated in-hospital mortality improved from 1.08% in 2003 to 0.70% in 2010 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03). The correlates of higher mortality included males (0.93% versus 0.71% in females;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.04) and older age (age \u226585 years had 1.5% mortality versus 0.8% for age &lt;85 year;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). The mean hospital length of stay for CRT decreased, while mean CRT-associated hospital charges increased progressively over the years. Factors associated with higher charges were gender (males&gt;females), older age, and greater comorbidities.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>CRT implantation is a relatively safe procedure that has become safer in higher risk patients. However, significant disparities in CRT utilization exist in certain demographic subgroups, and these disparities have persisted across the years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.115.003108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,27]],"date-time":"2016-02-27T04:23:58Z","timestamp":1456547038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Arun Raghav Mahankali","family":"Sridhar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (A.R.M.S., B.L.W.); Department of Medicine, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Atlantic City, NJ (V.Y.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City (Y.M.R., D.L., B.D.); Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (S.P.); and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (D.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Yarlagadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (A.R.M.S., B.L.W.); Department of Medicine, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Atlantic City, NJ (V.Y.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City (Y.M.R., D.L., B.D.); Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (S.P.); and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (D.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sravanthi","family":"Parasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (A.R.M.S., B.L.W.); Department of Medicine, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Atlantic City, NJ (V.Y.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City (Y.M.R., D.L., B.D.); Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (S.P.); and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (D.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeruva Madhu","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (A.R.M.S., B.L.W.); Department of Medicine, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Atlantic City, NJ (V.Y.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City (Y.M.R., D.L., B.D.); Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (S.P.); and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (D.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhavalkumar","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (A.R.M.S., B.L.W.); Department of Medicine, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Atlantic City, NJ (V.Y.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City (Y.M.R., D.L., B.D.); Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (S.P.); and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (D.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanunjaya","family":"Lakkireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (A.R.M.S., B.L.W.); Department of Medicine, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Atlantic City, NJ (V.Y.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City (Y.M.R., D.L., B.D.); Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (S.P.); and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (D.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce L.","family":"Wilkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (A.R.M.S., B.L.W.); Department of Medicine, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Atlantic City, NJ (V.Y.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City (Y.M.R., D.L., B.D.); Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (S.P.); and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (D.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buddhadeb","family":"Dawn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, OH (A.R.M.S., B.L.W.); Department of Medicine, AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center, Atlantic City, NJ (V.Y.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, Kansas City (Y.M.R., D.L., B.D.); Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (S.P.); and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (D.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31828124ad"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"National hospital discharge survey: 2007 summary.","volume":"29","author":"Hall MJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hall MJ, DeFrances CJ, Williams SN, Golosinskiy A, Schwartzman A. 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