{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:25:25Z","timestamp":1791491125423,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Papillary muscles are an important source of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Yet little is known about the role of the right ventricular (RV) endocavity structure, the moderator band (MB). The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the MB that may predispose to arrhythmia substrates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\">\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ventricular wedge preparations with intact MBs were studied from humans (n=2) and sheep (n=15; 40\u201350 kg). RV endocardium was optically mapped, and electrical recordings were measured along the MB and septum. S1S2 pacing of the RV free wall, MB, or combined S1-RV S2-MB sites were assessed. Human (n=2) and sheep (n=4) MB tissue constituents were assessed histologically.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec sec-type=\"results\">\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The MB structure was remarkably organized as 2 excitable, yet uncoupled compartments of myocardium and Purkinje. In humans, action potential duration heterogeneity between MB and RV myocardium was found (324.6\u00b112.0 versus 364.0\u00b18.4 ms;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001). S1S2-MB pacing induced unidirectional propagation via MB myocardium, permitting sustained macroreentrant VT. In sheep, the incidence of VT for RV, MB, and S1-RV S2-MB pacing was 1.3%, 5.1%, and 10.3%. Severing the MB led to VT termination, confirming a primary arrhythmic role. Inducible preparations had shorter action potential duration in the MB than RV (259.3\u00b145.2 versus 300.7\u00b138.5 ms;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05), whereas noninducible preparations showed no difference (312.0\u00b130.3 versus 310.0\u00b124.6 ms, respectively).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The MB presents anatomic and electrical compartmentalization between myocardium and Purkinje fibers, providing a substrate for macroreentry. The vulnerability to sustain VT via this mechanism is dependent on MB structure and action potential duration gradients between the RV free wall and MB.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.117.005913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,14]],"date-time":"2018-09-14T19:22:44Z","timestamp":1536952964000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Compartmentalized Structure of the Moderator Band Provides a Unique Substrate for Macroreentrant Ventricular Tachycardia"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Richard D.","family":"Walton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Pashaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine E.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josselin","family":"Duchateau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"Bordeaux University Hospital (CHU), Electrophysiology and Ablation Unit, F-33600 Pessac, France (J.D., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Cros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Pascarel-Auclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunbo","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Benoist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Dubes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndeye Rokhaya","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Chaigne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W.,A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., M.H., O.B.)."},{"name":"IHU Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Universit\u00e9, Pessac-Bordeaux, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., L.B., C.C., C.P-A., Y.G., D.B., V.D., N.R.F., S.C., S.D., D.D., L.P., P.P., F.B., J.R., L.L., M.H., E.J.V., M.H., O.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, France (R.D.W., A.P., M.E.M, M.C., J.D., 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