{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:09:57Z","timestamp":1788480597111,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The autonomic nervous system response to apnea and its mechanistic connection to atrial fibrillation (AF) are unclear. We hypothesize that sensory neurons within the ganglionated plexi (GP) play a role. We aimed to delineate the autonomic response to apnea and to test the effects of ablation of cardiac sensory neurons with resiniferatoxin (RTX), a neurotoxic TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) agonist.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Sixteen dogs were anesthetized and ventilated. Apnea was induced by stopping ventilation until oxygen saturations decreased to 80%. Nerve recordings from bilateral vagal nerves, left stellate ganglion, and anterior right GP were obtained before and during apnea, before and after RTX injection in the anterior right GP (protocol 1, n=7). Atrial effective refractory period and AF inducibility on single extrastimulation were assessed before and during apnea, and before and after intrapericardial RTX administration (protocol 2, n=9). GPs underwent immunohistochemical staining for TRPV1.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Apnea increased anterior right GP activity, followed by clustered crescendo vagal bursts synchronized with heart rate and blood pressure oscillations. On further oxygen desaturation, a tonic increase in stellate ganglion activity and blood pressure ensued. Apnea-induced effective refractory period shortening from 110.20\u00b131.3 ms to 90.6\u00b129.1 ms (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and AF induction in 9\/9 dogs versus 0\/9 at baseline. After RTX administration, increases in GP and stellate ganglion activity and blood pressure during apnea were abolished, effective refractory period increased to 126.7\u00b126.9 ms (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0001), and AF was not induced. Vagal bursts remained unchanged. GP cells showed cytoplasmic microvacuolization and apoptosis.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Apnea increases GP activity, followed by vagal bursts and tonic stellate ganglion firing. RTX decreases sympathetic and GP nerve activity, abolishes apnea\u2019s electrophysiological response, and AF inducibility. Sensory neurons play a role in apnea-induced AF.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.118.006942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T09:00:34Z","timestamp":1559725234000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Cardiac Afferent Denervation Abolishes Ganglionated Plexi and Sympathetic Responses to Apnea"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Liliana","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart &amp; Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital (L.T., B.K., S.H.I.-C., J.C., S.W., M.V.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ma\u00f1ero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.R.-M.)."},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain (M.R.-M.)."},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV CB16\/11\/00226-CB16\/11\/00420), Madrid, Spain (M.R.-M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahij","family":"Kreidieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart &amp; Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital (L.T., B.K., S.H.I.-C., J.C., S.W., M.V.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio H.","family":"Ibarra-Cortez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart &amp; Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital (L.T., B.K., S.H.I.-C., J.C., S.W., M.V.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiexiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart &amp; Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital (L.T., B.K., S.H.I.-C., J.C., S.W., M.V.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart &amp; Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital (L.T., B.K., S.H.I.-C., J.C., S.W., M.V.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Markovits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Comparative Medicine Program (J.M.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Barrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital (R.B.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Valderr\u00e1bano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart &amp; Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital (L.T., B.K., S.H.I.-C., J.C., S.W., M.V.), Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.03.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"95","volume-title":"In: Neurocardiology","author":"Ardell J","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ardell, J. 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