{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T17:19:05Z","timestamp":1789665545220,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Rigorous study of ventricular fibrillation (VF) is not feasible in humans. The spatiotemporal characteristics of prolonged VF remain undefined, limiting our understanding of this lethal rhythm.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>VF was mapped in 4 canines. The endocardial and epicardial left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were sequentially mapped at 0 to 15, 15 to 30, 30 to 45, and 45 to 60 minutes post-induction. Ten consecutive beats were used to determine the average cycle length and regularity index of ventricular and His-Purkinje system signals in discrete regions during each time interval.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Average VF time was 58\u00b112 minutes. The shortest ventricular cycle length was present in the RV apical region (70\u00b110 msec) at 0 to 15 minutes and at 15 to 30 minutes (89\u00b131 msec) and LV apical region at 45 to 60 minutes (242\u00b1163 msec). The His-Purkinje system cycle length was the shortest at the RV outflow tract (75\u00b13 msec) at 0 to 15 minutes, RV inflow and free wall (89\u00b112 msec) at 15 to 30 minutes, LV apical region (83\u00b114 msec) at 30 to 45 minutes, and inferior and inferolateral LV (145\u00b123 msec) at 45 to 60 minutes. Regularity index was the highest in the RV inflow and free wall (78%) at 0 to 15 minutes, RV apical region (86%) at 15 to 30 minutes, LV septum and epicardial anterior RV (80%) at 30 to 45 minutes, and anterior and anterolateral LV (75%) at 45 to 60 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These data suggest significant regional changes in electrical activity throughout VF in canines. A transition of fastest electrical activity from RV to LV apical regions across VF was observed. These novel insights of the temporal and spatial changes of VF merit further evaluation in diseased hearts to assess for reproducibility of findings.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.121.010281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T09:03:58Z","timestamp":1632733438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Regional and Temporal Variation of Ventricular and Conduction Tissue Activity During Ventricular Fibrillation in Canines"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0365-9471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas Y.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.T., G.C., T.P.L., Z.J., A.M.S., J.A.T., F.D.-C.M., S.J.A., C.V.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Christopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.T., G.C., T.P.L., Z.J., A.M.S., J.A.T., F.D.-C.M., S.J.A., C.V.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9049-7932","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Ladas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.T., G.C., T.P.L., Z.J., A.M.S., J.A.T., F.D.-C.M., S.J.A., C.V.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8844-3134","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.T., G.C., T.P.L., Z.J., A.M.S., J.A.T., F.D.-C.M., S.J.A., C.V.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9921-6968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alan M.","family":"Sugrue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.T., G.C., T.P.L., Z.J., A.M.S., J.A.T., F.D.-C.M., S.J.A., C.V.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6963-8924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason A.","family":"Tri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.T., G.C., T.P.L., Z.J., A.M.S., J.A.T., F.D.-C.M., S.J.A., C.V.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1624-5793","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elena G.","family":"Tolkacheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (E.G.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9511-1245","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Freddy","family":"Del-Carpio Munoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.T., G.C., T.P.L., Z.J., A.M.S., J.A.T., F.D.-C.M., S.J.A., C.V.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6851-0152","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (C.J.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9835-5536","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Asirvatham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (N.T., G.C., T.P.L., Z.J., 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