{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T01:36:23Z","timestamp":1791336983673,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation (PsAF) has been performed for over 20 years, although success rates have remained modest. Several adjunctive lesion sets have been studied but none have become standard of practice. We sought to describe how the efficacy of ablation for PsAF has evolved in this time period with a focus on the effect of adjunctive ablation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Databases were searched for prospective studies of PsAF ablation. We performed meta-regression and trial sequential analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 99 studies (15\u2005424 patients) were included. Ablation for PsAF achieved the primary outcome (freedom of atrial fibrillation\/atrial tachycardia rate at 12 months follow-up) in 48.2% (5% CI, 44.0\u201352.3). Meta-regression showed freedom from atrial arrhythmia at 12 months has improved over time, while procedure time and fluoroscopy time have significantly reduced. Through the use of cumulative meta-analyses and trial sequential analysis, we show that some ablation strategies may initially seem promising, but after several randomized controlled trials may be found to be ineffective. Trial sequential analysis showed that complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation is ineffective and further study of this treatment would be futile, while posterior wall isolation currently does not have sufficient evidence for routine use in PsAF ablation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Overall success rates from PsAF ablation and procedure\/fluoroscopy times have improved over time. However, no adjunctive lesion set, in addition to pulmonary vein isolation, has been conclusively demonstrated to be beneficial. Through the use of trial sequential analysis, we highlight the importance of adequately powered randomized controlled trials, to avoid reaching premature conclusions, before widespread adoption of novel therapies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.123.011861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T09:00:40Z","timestamp":1692262840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Temporal Trends and Lesion Sets for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis and Meta-Regression"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0204-7078","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arunashis","family":"Sau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A. Sau, S.K., J.H., M.B.S., A.A., D.B.K., N.S.P., F.S.N.)."},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (A. Sau, J.H., A.A., N.S.P., F.S.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2664-2549","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sharan","family":"Kapadia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A. Sau, S.K., J.H., M.B.S., A.A., D.B.K., N.S.P., F.S.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayed","family":"Al-Aidarous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (S.A.-A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9989-6331","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A. Sau, S.K., J.H., M.B.S., A.A., D.B.K., N.S.P., F.S.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afzal","family":"Sohaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (A. Sohaib)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus B.","family":"Sikkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A. Sau, S.K., J.H., M.B.S., A.A., D.B.K., N.S.P., F.S.N.)."},{"name":"Royal Jubilee Hospital, Victoria, Canada (M.B.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7597-0170","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ahran","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A. Sau, S.K., J.H., M.B.S., A.A., D.B.K., N.S.P., F.S.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan W.","family":"Waks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.W.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4241-3586","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A. Sau, S.K., J.H., M.B.S., A.A., D.B.K., N.S.P., F.S.N.)."},{"name":"Richard A. and Susan F. 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