{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:21:13Z","timestamp":1769116873737,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The anatomy of myocardial fibers around the right cardiac veins (RCVs) and their roles in accessory pathways (APs) are rarely reported.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Six RCV-APs were identified from 566 patients with right-sided APs. Mapping of retrograde atrial activation was performed using CARTO 3 system under orthodromic tachycardia or right ventricular pacing. Venography of RCVs was acquired at the earliest retrograde atrial activation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Patients enrolled had a median age of 30 (11\u201351) years, 5 of them were male. Venography of RCVs could be classified into 3 distinct patterns based on the identified ventricular branches, right marginal vein only (type I; n=3), both right marginal vein and anterior cardiac veins (type II; n=2), and anterior cardiac vein only (type III; n=1). Patients with type I venography had rS QRS pattern in lead V\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n              , negative delta wave in lead III and negative or isoelectric delta wave in lead aVF. However, patients with type II and III venography had QS QRS patterns in lead V\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n              and variable patterns of delta wave in inferior leads. Earliest retrograde atrial activation was found at a median of 16.75 (14.60\u201320.00) mm away from the tricuspid annulus, all with A larger than V. At the earliest retrograde atrial activation, far-field ventricular electrogram was found 30 ms later than QRS onset in 1 patient under sinus rhythm. AP conduction was eliminated by mechanical pressure in 2 and by radiofrequency ablation in 4 at the ostium of the veins colocalizing with the earliest retrograde activation of the right atrium. No recurrence was observed during 36 (10\u201360) months follow-up.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The RCV-AP is a rare form of right-sided APs characterized by atrial insertions distant from the annulus. ECG-speculated ventricular insertion sites conformed to the location of identified RCVs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.123.012513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T09:00:34Z","timestamp":1714554034000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characteristics of Right-Sided Accessory Pathways Associated With Right Cardiac Veins"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0592-6462","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yiwei","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8304-7909","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mingyang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qifan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0808-1103","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianghua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China (J.Z., J.D.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6554-7010","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xuexun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China (X.L.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4461-2995","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7261-316X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lihong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueyuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8278-1802","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Song","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-8606","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., 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Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2812-1827","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ribo","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4604-5346","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Deyong","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7299-7805","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianzeng","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, China (J.Z., J.D.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5387-5957","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Changsheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China (Y.L., M.G., Q.L., M.L., Q.G., L.H., C.J., S.L., X.G., S.Z., N.L., W.W., X.Z., C.S., R.T., D.L., C.M.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000028464.12047.a6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.60.4.348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/eupc.2000.0101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10840-015-0035-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"The variability of the small cardiac vein in the adult human heart.","volume":"63","author":"Cendrowska-Pinkosz 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The variability of the small cardiac vein in the adult human heart. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2004;63:159\u2013162. 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