{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:31:23Z","timestamp":1789576283737,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence is common after catheter ablation. Pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is the cornerstone of AF ablation, but PV remodeling has been associated with the risk of AF recurrence. We aimed to evaluate whether artificial intelligence\u2013based morphological features of primary and secondary PV branches on computed tomography images are associated with AF recurrence post-ablation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Two artificial intelligence models were trained for the segmentation of computed tomography images, enabling the isolation of PV branches. Patients from Cleveland Clinic (N=135) and Vanderbilt University (N=594) were combined and divided into 2 sets for training and cross-validation (D\n              <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n              , n=218) and internal testing (D\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              , n=511). An independent validation set (D\n              <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n              , N=80) was obtained from University Hospitals of Cleveland. We extracted 48 fractal-based and 12 shape-based radiomic features from primary and secondary PV branches of patients with AF recurrence (AF+) and without recurrence after catheter ablation of AF (AF-). To predict AFrecurrence, 3 Gradient Boosting classification models based on significant features from primary (M\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub>\n              ), secondary (M\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">s<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub>\n              ), and combined (M\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">c<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub>\n              ) PV branches were built.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Features relating to primary PVs were found to be associated with AF recurrence. The M\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub>\n              classifier achieved area under the curve values of 0.73, 0.71, and 0.70 across the 3 datasets. AF+ cases exhibited greater surface complexity in their primary PV area, as evidenced by higher fractal dimension values compared with AF- cases. The M\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">s<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub>\n              classifier results revealed a weaker association with AF+, suggesting higher relevance to AF recurrence post-ablation from primary PV branch morphology.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This largest multi-institutional study to date revealed associations between artificial intelligence\u2013extracted morphological features of the primary PV branches with AF recurrence in 809 patients from 3 sites. Future work will focus on enhancing the predictive ability of the classifier by integrating clinical, structural, and morphological features, including left atrial appendage and left atrium\u2013related characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.123.012679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T10:00:27Z","timestamp":1733220027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Artificial Intelligence\u2013Based Feature Analysis of Pulmonary Vein Morphology on Computed Tomography Scans and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Catheter Ablation: A Multi-Site Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5550-3487","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Golnoush","family":"Asaeikheybari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (G.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majd","family":"El-Harasis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (M.E.-H., M.B.S., B.V.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5345-6763","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amit","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH (A.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6824-7155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M. 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