{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T21:10:08Z","timestamp":1774473008086,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Differences in cardiac sarcoidosis between racial groups remain understudied. Therefore, this study aims to explore race differences in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We analyzed data from the Cardiac Sarcoidosis Consortium, an international registry including over 25 centers. The primary clinical outcome was a composite end point of all-cause mortality, left ventricular assist device implantation, heart transplantation, or implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              A total of 619 patients were included in the study (362 White, 193 Black, and 64 other races). Black patients were diagnosed with cardiac sarcoidosis at a younger age (50.5\u00b111.8 versus 53.7\u00b110.5 years old;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.010) compared with White patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in Black patients (44.6\u00b115.4 versus 48.3\u00b114.0;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.008). In addition, extracardiac involvement in the lungs (80.3% versus 72.7%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.046), skin (22.8% versus 12.4%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.002), and eyes (13.5% versus 5.5%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001) was more prevalent in Black patients. Patients had significantly higher rates of hypertension (69.9% versus 50.6%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), diabetes (37.8% versus 21.0%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), smoking (40.9% versus 26.8%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema (15.5% versus 4.1%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and chronic kidney disease (25.9% versus 12.4%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). The treatment patterns including glucocorticoid (71% versus 74.3%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.4), glucocorticoid-sparing (53.4% versus 59.9%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.14), and implantable cardioverter defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization implantation (75.6% versus 73.8%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.63), were similar. No significant differences were found in the primary outcome (29.5% in Black versus 28.5% in White;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.79). Subgroup analysis of the primary outcome also revealed no significant differences in both the left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;35% group (24.1% in Black versus 25.9% in White;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.72) and the left ventricular ejection fraction \u226435% group (51% versus 42.5%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.35).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Black patients with cardiac sarcoidosis exhibited significantly higher rates of lung, skin, and eye involvement and comorbidities, but had similar cardiac clinical outcomes and all-cause mortality compared with White patients. Nonetheless, ascertainment bias cannot be excluded.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circep.124.013670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T05:00:24Z","timestamp":1750827624000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Race Comparisons in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Insights From the Cardiac Sarcoidosis Consortium"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1855-029X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Angkawipa","family":"Trongtorsak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond (A.T., J.D.L.R.M., K.A.E., J.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6329-1868","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Junior","family":"De La Rosa Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond (A.T., J.D.L.R.M., K.A.E., J.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (T.C.C., F.M.B., X.G., E.P.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0391-7282","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Frank M.","family":"Bogun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (T.C.C., F.M.B., X.G., E.P.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaokui","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (T.C.C., F.M.B., X.G., E.P.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4229-4831","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eric","family":"Puroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor (T.C.C., F.M.B., X.G., E.P.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8527-569X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Ellenbogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Pauley Heart Center, Richmond (A.T., J.D.L.R.M., K.A.E., J.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandru B.","family":"Chicos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (A.B.C.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8011-0829","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Henri","family":"Roukoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis (H.R.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7958-7558","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Zimetbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (P.J.Z.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9162-0886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Kalbfleisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner 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(L.E.R.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0685-4563","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kyoko","family":"Soejima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (K.S.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1078-0256","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adarsh K.","family":"Bhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Advocate Christ Medical Center, Oak Lawn, IL (A.K.B.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1032-700X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vasanth","family":"Vedantham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco (V.V., 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The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2012;29:119\u2013127. https:\/\/www.mattioli1885journals.com\/index.php\/sarcoidosis\/article\/view\/2506","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17408330"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)89518-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"124","article-title":"Hospitalization for patients with sarcoidosis: 1979-2000.","volume":"23","author":"Foreman MG","year":"2006","unstructured":"Foreman MG, Mannino DM, Kamugisha L, Westney GE. Hospitalization for patients with sarcoidosis: 1979-2000. 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