{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:42:29Z","timestamp":1790502149699,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Genomic and Precision Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Elevated Lp(a) (Lipoprotein(a)) levels are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke (IS), and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Studies investigating the association between Lp(a) levels and these diseases in women have yielded inconsistent results.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              To investigate the association of Lp(a) with sex-specific cardiovascular outcomes, we determined the association between genetically predicted Lp(a) levels (using 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms at the\n              <jats:italic>LPA<\/jats:italic>\n              locus) and hepatic\n              <jats:italic>LPA<\/jats:italic>\n              expression (using 80 single nucleotide polymorphisms at the\n              <jats:italic>LPA<\/jats:italic>\n              locus associated with\n              <jats:italic>LPA<\/jats:italic>\n              mRNA expression in liver samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression dataset) on CAD, IS, and CAVS using individual participant data from the UK Biobank: 408\u2009403 participants of European ancestry (37\u2009102, 4283, and 2574 with prevalent CAD, IS, and CAVS, respectively). The long-term association between Lp(a) levels and incident CAD, IS, and CAVS was also investigated in European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk: 18\u2009721 participants (3964, 846, and 424 with incident CAD, IS, and CAVS, respectively).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Genetically predicted plasma Lp(a) levels were positively and similarly associated with prevalent and incident CAD and CAVS in men and women. Genetically predicted plasma Lp(a) levels were associated with prevalent and incident IS when we studied men and women pooled together, and in men only. Genetically predicted\n              <jats:italic>LPA<\/jats:italic>\n              expression levels were associated with prevalent CAD and CAVS in men and women but not with IS.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Genetically predicted blood Lp(a) and hepatic\n              <jats:italic>LPA<\/jats:italic>\n              gene expression as well as serum Lp(a) levels predict the risk of CAD and CAVS in men and in women. Whether RNA interference therapies aiming at lowering Lp(a) levels could be useful in reducing cardiovascular disease risk in both men and women with high Lp(a) levels needs to be determined in large-scale cardiovascular outcomes trials.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circgen.120.003271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T16:00:28Z","timestamp":1626710428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Sex-Specific Associations of Genetically Predicted Circulating Lp(a) (Lipoprotein(a)) and Hepatic\n            <i>LPA<\/i>\n            Gene Expression Levels With Cardiovascular Outcomes: Mendelian Randomization and Observational Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6973-5713","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jakie","family":"Guertin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."},{"name":"Department of Medicine (J.G., R.B., P.P., M.-A.C., B.J.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6869-0042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yannick","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.K., E.S.G.S., S.M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2365-6956","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hasanga","family":"Manikpurage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2395-2333","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Perrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4789-2742","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rapha\u00eblle","family":"Bourgeois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."},{"name":"Department of Medicine (J.G., R.B., P.P., M.-A.C., B.J.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1063-8780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian","family":"Couture","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1422-2993","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Wareham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (N.J.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohan","family":"Boss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine (Y.B.), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-279X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Philippe","family":"Pibarot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."},{"name":"Department of Medicine (J.G., R.B., P.P., M.-A.C., B.J.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9555-6260","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erik S.G.","family":"Stroes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.K., E.S.G.S., S.M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Mathieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."},{"name":"Department of Surgery (P.M.), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8924-740X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marie-Annick","family":"Clavel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."},{"name":"Department of Medicine (J.G., R.B., P.P., M.-A.C., B.J.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Th\u00e9riault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology (S.T.), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0861-0765","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S. Matthijs","family":"Boekholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands (Y.K., E.S.G.S., S.M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit J.","family":"Arsenault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (J.G., H.M., N.P., R.B., C.C., Y.B., P.P., P.M., M.-A.C., S.T., B.J.A.)."},{"name":"Department of Medicine (J.G., R.B., P.P., M.-A.C., B.J.A.), Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0153-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902604"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.524"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1109034"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1581"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0129"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1905239"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.0822"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000381"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309306"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.060"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.4266"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa001066"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2018.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-950504"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22500"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2016.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.020838"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2019.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016757"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.1041"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa171"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"EPIC-Norfolk: study design and characteristics of the cohort. 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