{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:33:52Z","timestamp":1760488432194},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Circ Cardiovasc Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Bilirubin, an effective antioxidant, shows a large variation in levels between individuals and has been positively associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. A major reason for the variability is a common promoter polymorphism, UGT1A1*28, which reduces the transcription of the enzyme that conjugates bilirubin, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1. The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible protective effect of plasma bilirubin and the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism against myocardial infarction in a prospective case-referent setting.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Subjects (n=618) with a first-ever myocardial infarction (median event age, 60.5 years; median lag time, 3.5 years) and 1184 matched referents were studied. Plasma bilirubin was lower in cases versus referents. Despite a strong gene-dosage effect on bilirubin levels in both cases and referents, the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism did not influence the risk of myocardial infarction. Among multiple other variables, serum iron showed one of the strongest associations with bilirubin levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found no evidence for a protective effect of the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism against myocardial infarction and consequently neither for bilirubin. The lower bilirubin levels in cases might be caused by decreased production, increased degradation, or increased elimination.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circgenetics.109.861773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,21]],"date-time":"2010-06-21T00:20:57Z","timestamp":1277079657000},"page":"340-347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Plasma Bilirubin and UGT1A1*28 Are Not Protective Factors Against First-Time Myocardial Infarction in a Prospective, Nested Case\u2013Referent Setting"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Kim","family":"Ekblom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Clinical Chemistry (K.E., S.L.M., J.H.) and Pathology (P.O.), Department of Medical Biosciences, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; Nutrition Research (G.H.) and Epidemiology (L.W.), Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; and Skellefte\u00e5 County Hospital (J.-H.J.), Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan L.","family":"Marklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Clinical Chemistry (K.E., S.L.M., J.H.) and Pathology (P.O.), Department of Medical Biosciences, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; Nutrition Research (G.H.) and Epidemiology (L.W.), Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; and Skellefte\u00e5 County Hospital (J.-H.J.), Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan-H\u00e5kan","family":"Jansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Clinical Chemistry (K.E., S.L.M., J.H.) and Pathology (P.O.), Department of Medical Biosciences, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; Nutrition Research (G.H.) and Epidemiology (L.W.), Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; and Skellefte\u00e5 County Hospital (J.-H.J.), Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pia","family":"Osterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Clinical Chemistry (K.E., S.L.M., J.H.) and Pathology (P.O.), Department of Medical Biosciences, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; Nutrition Research (G.H.) and Epidemiology (L.W.), Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; and Skellefte\u00e5 County Hospital (J.-H.J.), Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Hallmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Clinical Chemistry (K.E., S.L.M., J.H.) and Pathology (P.O.), Department of Medical Biosciences, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; Nutrition Research (G.H.) and Epidemiology (L.W.), Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; and Skellefte\u00e5 County Hospital (J.-H.J.), Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Weinehall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Clinical Chemistry (K.E., S.L.M., J.H.) and Pathology (P.O.), Department of Medical Biosciences, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; Nutrition Research (G.H.) and Epidemiology (L.W.), Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; and Skellefte\u00e5 County Hospital (J.-H.J.), Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Hultdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Clinical Chemistry (K.E., S.L.M., J.H.) and Pathology (P.O.), Department of Medical Biosciences, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; Nutrition Research (G.H.) and Epidemiology (L.W.), Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5 Sweden; and Skellefte\u00e5 County Hospital (J.-H.J.), Skellefte\u00e5, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511023331802"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.02.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350070044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/40.1.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.16.2.250"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Relationship between bilirubin, apolipoprotein B, and coronary artery disease","volume":"27","author":"Levinson SS","year":"1997","unstructured":"Levinson SS. 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