{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:37:05Z","timestamp":1791416225073,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ Cardiovasc Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The degree to which cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotype influences the effectiveness of clopidogrel remains uncertain because of considerable heterogeneity in results between studies and potential publication bias. Clopidogrel indication and ethnic population have been proposed to influence the effect of CYP2C19 genotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic review was undertaken up to 14 November 2013. Meta-analysis of the\n                      <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                      genotype effect was stratified by the predominant clopidogrel indication (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI] versus non-PCI) and ethnic population (white versus Asian) of each primary study. The primary analysis was restricted to studies with \u2265500 participants, which comprised 24 studies and a total of 36 076 participants. The association between carriage of \u22651\n                      <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                      loss-of-function (LoF) allele and major cardiovascular outcomes differed significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) between studies of whites not undergoing PCI (relative risk 0.99 [95% confidence interval, 0.84\u20131.17]; n=7043), whites undergoing PCI (1.20 [1.10\u20131.31]; n=19,016), and Asians undergoing PCI (1.91 [1.61\u20132.27]; n=10,017). Similar differences were identified in secondary analyses of 2\n                      <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                      LoF alleles, stent thrombosis outcomes, and studies with \u2265200 participants. Minimal heterogeneity was apparent between studies of Asian populations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The reported association between\n                      <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                      LoF allele carriage and major cardiovascular outcomes differs based on the ethnic population of the study and, to a lesser extent, the clopidogrel indication. This is potentially of major importance given that over 50% of Asians carry \u22651\n                      <jats:italic>CYP2C19<\/jats:italic>\n                      LoF alleles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circgenetics.114.000669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,26]],"date-time":"2014-09-26T01:14:37Z","timestamp":1411694077000},"page":"895-902","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["<i>CYP2C19<\/i>\n                    Genotype Has a Greater Effect on Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and in Asian Populations Treated With Clopidogrel"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Sorich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Medicine, Flinders University (M.J.S., A.R., R.A.M.); and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia (M.D.W.), Adelaide, SA, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Rowland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Medicine, Flinders University (M.J.S., A.R., R.A.M.); and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia (M.D.W.), Adelaide, SA, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross A.","family":"McKinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Medicine, Flinders University (M.J.S., A.R., R.A.M.); and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia (M.D.W.), Adelaide, SA, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the School of Medicine, Flinders University (M.J.S., A.R., R.A.M.); and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia (M.D.W.), Adelaide, SA, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.111.962142"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2012.21"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.446"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.446"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2011.227652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4588"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008410"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61274-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60228-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04483.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.11.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.12.056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2012.658106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"A:A27","article-title":"Carriage of the CYP2C19*2 allele increases one-year risk of myocardial infarction among recipients of drug-eluting stents treated with clopidogrel.","volume":"53","author":"Anderson JL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anderson JL, Mower CP, Horne BD, Muhlestein JB, Park JL, Bair TL, et al.. 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