{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T19:37:19Z","timestamp":1769110639518,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Heart Failure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            The impact of digoxin on outcomes of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) receiving optimal contemporary therapy is not known.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            We retrospectively reviewed data of 455 advanced HF patients referred for transplant evaluation (age, 52\ufffd12 years; ejection fraction, 18.3\ufffd8%); 227 (49.9%) were on digoxin at baseline. Primary outcome was death (n=101), urgent transplantation (n=14), or ventricular assist device implantation (n=4); secondary outcomes included HF and all-cause hospitalizations. Digoxin use was evaluated (1) in the original cohort; (2) in a propensity score\u2013matched subset (n=322); (3) as a time-dependent covariate; and (4) after adjustment for Seattle Heart Failure Score. Patients were on optimal therapy: angiotensin-II modulation, 92.5%; \u03b2-blockers, 91.2%; aldosterone antagonists, 45.6%; and devices, 71.0%. After a median of 27 months, 83 of 277 (36.6%) patients treated with digoxin versus 36 of 228 (15.8%) patients without digoxin met primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 2.28; 95% CI, 1.51 to 3.43;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            &lt;0.001). This risk persisted in the matched subset (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.75;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.021) and with time-varying digoxin use (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.23 to 3.41;\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.011). Digoxin was associated with higher risk among patients in sinus rhythm compared with atrial fibrillation. Digoxin was not associated with improvement in either all-cause or HF hospitalization rates. These results were similar across sex and race and when adjusted for Seattle Heart Failure Score and renal function.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            This study suggests that digoxin therapy may be of no benefit in patients with advanced HF referred for cardiac transplantation who received optimal medical therapy. Treatment with digoxin should be used cautiously in such patients because of risk for adverse outcomes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.108.807032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,11]],"date-time":"2009-02-11T04:40:38Z","timestamp":1234327238000},"page":"90-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Digoxin Therapy Does Not Improve Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure on Contemporary Medical Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Vasiliki V.","family":"Georgiopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Heart Failure Therapy, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas P.","family":"Kalogeropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Heart Failure Therapy, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grigorios","family":"Giamouzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Heart Failure Therapy, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed A.","family":"Agha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Heart Failure Therapy, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad A.","family":"Rashad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Heart Failure Therapy, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Heart Failure Therapy, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sonjoy","family":"Laskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Heart Failure Therapy, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Heart Failure Therapy, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javed","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Heart Failure Therapy, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Ga."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.083"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9164(99)91340-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720040031022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6063.749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)90947-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198203253061202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903163201101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90403-N"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307013290101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702203360801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.7.871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2004.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.584102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610103351504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1985.10479383","volume":"39","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB. Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling methods that incorporate the propensity score. Am Statistician. 1985; 39: 33\u201338.","journal-title":"Am Statistician"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19981015)17:19<2265::AID-SIM918>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00321-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990330)18:6<681::AID-SIM71>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.117606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000146819.43235.a9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"641.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Butler J, Anand I, Kuskowski M, Carson P, Hester A, Glazer RJC. Higher mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes risk with digoxin use in patients with heart failure: a Valheft substudy [Abstract]. Circulation. 2005; (suppl II): 641.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050496"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7492.625"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3245"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.18.2069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199505000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-006-0037-7"}],"container-title":["Circulation: Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.807032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T01:29:14Z","timestamp":1715563754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.807032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.807032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circheartfailure.108.807032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-3289","1941-3297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-3289","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-3297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-02-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}