{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:06:53Z","timestamp":1768010813324,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Heart Failure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The lifetime risk of heart failure (HF) is higher in the black population than in other racial groups in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We measured the Life\u2019s Simple 7 ideal cardiovascular health metrics in 4195 blacks in the JHS (Jackson Heart Study; 2000\u20132004). We evaluated the association of Simple 7 metrics with incident HF and left ventricular structure and function by cardiac magnetic resonance (n=1188). Mean age at baseline was 54.4 years (65% women). Relative to 0 to 2 Simple 7 factors, blacks with 3 factors had 47% lower incident HF risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39\u20130.73;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001); and those with \u22654 factors had 61% lower HF risk (HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.24\u20130.64;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0002). Higher blood pressure (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.28\u20134.20;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.005), physical inactivity (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.07\u20132.55;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02), smoking (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.43\u20132.91;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), and impaired glucose control (HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.34\u20132.29;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001) were associated with incident HF. The age-\/sex-adjusted population attributable risk for these Simple 7 metrics combined was 37.1%. Achievement of ideal blood pressure, ideal body mass index, ideal glucose control, and nonsmoking was associated with less likelihood of adverse cardiac remodeling by cardiac magnetic resonance.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cardiovascular risk factors in midlife (specifically elevated blood pressure, physical inactivity, smoking, and poor glucose control) are associated with incident HF in blacks and represent targets for intensified HF prevention.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.116.003682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,17]],"date-time":"2017-02-17T02:10:33Z","timestamp":1487297433000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Ideal Cardiovascular Health, Cardiovascular Remodeling, and Heart Failure in Blacks"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aferdita","family":"Spahillari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameera","family":"Talegawkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Jeffrey","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Terry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saumya","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robb","family":"Kociol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"de Ferranti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donya","family":"Mohebali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanford","family":"Mwasongwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine L.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh L.","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi V.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.S., R.K.); Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC (S.T.); Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (A.C.); Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.C.); Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.19.2138"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807265"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31828124ad"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2015.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017882"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.11.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.001183"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"S6","article-title":"Toward resolution of cardiovascular health disparities in African Americans: design and methods of the Jackson Heart Study.","volume":"15","author":"Taylor HA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor HA, Wilson JG, Jones DW, Sarpong DF, Srinivasan A, Garrison RJ, Nelson C, Wyatt SB. 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