{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:44:13Z","timestamp":1791341053933,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Heart Failure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Galectin (Gal)-3 is a \u03b2-galactoside-binding lectin and currently intensely studied as a biomarker in heart failure. Gal-3 also exerts proinflammatory effects, at least in extracardiac tissues. Objective of this study was to characterize the relationship of plasma and myocardial Gal-3 levels with cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and inflammatory cardiomyopathy (iCMP).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Endomyocardial biopsies and blood samples were obtained from patients with newly diagnosed cardiomyopathy and clinical suspicion of myocarditis. According to histopathologic findings, patients were classified as having dilated cardiomyopathy (n=40) or iCMP (n=75). Cardiac fibrosis was assessed histologically on endomyocardial biopsy sections. In patients with iCMP, myocardial Gal-3 expression significantly correlated with inflammatory cell count on endomyocardial biopsy (\n              <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.56;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05). In contrast, an inverse association was observed between myocardial Gal-3 expression and cardiac fibrosis in patients with iCMP (\n              <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n              =\u22120.59;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05). In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial Gal-3 expression correlated with cardiac fibrosis on left ventricular biopsy (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.63;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01). Of note, in both groups, plasma Gal-3 levels did not correlate with myocardial Gal-3 levels or left ventricular fibrosis, whereas a positive correlation between plasma Gal-3 levels and inflammatory cell count on endomyocardial biopsy was observed in patients with iCMP.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The present study suggests that myocardial Gal-3 can be considered as a possible marker for both cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, depending on the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, circulating concentrations of Gal-3 do not seem to reflect endomyocardial Gal-3 levels or cardiac fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.116.003804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,14]],"date-time":"2017-03-14T01:24:57Z","timestamp":1489454697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Plasma and Cardiac Galectin-3 in Patients With Heart Failure Reflects Both Inflammation and Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Besler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-Philipp","family":"Rommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"von Roeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Fengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Blazek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Kandolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Klingel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Linke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Lurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Internal Medicine\/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Germany (C.B., D.L., D.U., K.-P.R., M.v.R., K.F., S.B., A.L., G.S., V.A., P.L.); Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Germany (R.K., K.K.); and Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center L\u00fcbeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (H.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306565"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3904"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.312"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2536"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000147181.65298.4D"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00747.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2009.00794.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2012.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.889396"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.246"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht210"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2011.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet267"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.606509"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.579"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-003-0190-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126707"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303577"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.111.966796"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02476.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2010.538080"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr151"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.203"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.112.300569"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.087"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.963637"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.10.009"}],"container-title":["Circulation: Heart Failure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T01:32:03Z","timestamp":1715563923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003804"}},"subtitle":["Implications for Its Use as a Biomarker"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circheartfailure.116.003804","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-3289","1941-3297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-3289","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-3297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-09-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-02-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-03-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e003804"}}