{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T05:19:25Z","timestamp":1793683165353,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Heart Failure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There are few studies evaluating regional disparities in the care of acute myocardial infarction-cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Using the National Inpatient Sample from 2000 to 2016, we identified adults with a primary diagnosis of AMI and concomitant CS admitted to the United States census regions of Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Interhospital transfers were excluded. End points of interest included in-hospital mortality, use of coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, mechanical circulatory support, hospitalization costs, length of stay, and discharge disposition. Multivariable regression was used to adjust for potential confounding. Of the 402 825 AMI-CS admissions, 16.8%, 22.5%, 39.3%, and 21.4% were admitted to the Northeast, Midwest, South, and West, respectively. Higher rates of ST-elevation AMI-CS were noted in the Midwest and West. Admissions to the Northeast were on average characterized by a higher frequency of whites, Medicare beneficiaries, and lower rates of cardiac arrest. Admissions to the Northeast were less likely to receive coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, and mechanical circulatory support, despite the highest rates of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use. Compared with the Northeast, in-hospital mortality was lower in the Midwest (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.96 [95% CI, 0.93\u20130.98];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) and West (aOR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.94\u20130.98];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001) but higher in the South (aOR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01\u20131.06];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.002). The Midwest (aOR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.62\u20131.74];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), South (aOR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.80\u20131.92];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and West (aOR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.86\u20132.00];\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) had higher discharges to home.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There remain significant regional disparities in the management and outcomes of AMI-CS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.119.006661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T10:00:27Z","timestamp":1581674427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Regional Variation in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction With Cardiogenic Shock in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Saraschandra","family":"Vallabhajosyula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V., S.M.D., A.P., M.R.B., A.S.J., B.J.G., C.S.R., D.R.H., G.W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.V.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."},{"name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN (S.V.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sri Harsha","family":"Patlolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (S.H.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Dunlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V., S.M.D., A.P., M.R.B., A.S.J., B.J.G., C.S.R., D.R.H., G.W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences Research (S.M.D.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhiram","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V., S.M.D., A.P., M.R.B., A.S.J., B.J.G., C.S.R., D.R.H., G.W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm R.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V., S.M.D., A.P., M.R.B., A.S.J., B.J.G., C.S.R., D.R.H., G.W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan S.","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V., S.M.D., A.P., M.R.B., A.S.J., B.J.G., C.S.R., D.R.H., G.W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."},{"name":"Division of Clinical Core Laboratory Services, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.S.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard J.","family":"Gersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V., S.M.D., A.P., M.R.B., A.S.J., B.J.G., C.S.R., D.R.H., G.W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charanjit S.","family":"Rihal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V., S.M.D., A.P., M.R.B., A.S.J., B.J.G., C.S.R., D.R.H., G.W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"David R.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V., S.M.D., A.P., M.R.B., A.S.J., B.J.G., C.S.R., D.R.H., G.W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory W.","family":"Barsness","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.V., S.M.D., A.P., M.R.B., A.S.J., B.J.G., C.S.R., D.R.H., G.W.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 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