{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T08:57:22Z","timestamp":1790413042073,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Heart Failure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Clinical studies of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are over-represented by individuals of European ethnicity, with less known about other ethnic groups. We investigated differences between patients in a multiethnic Australian hypertrophic cardiomyopathy population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study of 836 unrelated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy probands attending a specialized clinic between 2002 and 2020. Major ethnic groups were European (n=611), East Asian (n=75), South Asian (n=58), and Middle Eastern and North African (n=68). The minor ethnicity groups were Oceanian (n=9), People of the Americas (n=7), and African (n=8). One-way ANOVA with Dunnett post hoc test and Bonferroni adjustment were performed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Mean age of the major ethnic groups was 54.9\u00b116.9 years, and 527 (65%) were male. Using the European group as the control, East Asian patients had a lower body mass index (29 versus 25 kg\/m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              ,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001). South Asians had a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation (10% versus 31%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.024). East Asians were more likely to have apical hypertrophy (23% versus 6%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001) and Middle Eastern and North African patients more likely to present with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (46% versus 34%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0003). East Asians were less likely to undergo genetic testing (55% versus 85%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001) or have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implanted (19% versus 36%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.037). East Asians were more likely to have a causative variant in a gene other than\n              <jats:italic>MYBPC3<\/jats:italic>\n              or\n              <jats:italic>MYH7<\/jats:italic>\n              , whereas Middle Eastern and North African and South Asians had the highest rates of variants of uncertain significance (27% and 21%,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There are few clinical differences based on ethnicity, but importantly, we identify health disparities relating to access to genetic testing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use. Unless addressed, these gaps will likely widen as we move towards precision-medicine\u2013based care of individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.120.007537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T19:03:11Z","timestamp":1615921391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Clinical Profile and Health Disparities in a Multiethnic Cohort of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1626-4302","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Butters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio Genomics Program at Centenary Institute (A.B., L.Y., F.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.B., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8691-0248","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Caitlin R.","family":"Semsarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (C.R.S., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S.), The University of Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2476-9864","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard D.","family":"Bagnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.B., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (C.R.S., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S.), The University of Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Yeates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio Genomics Program at Centenary Institute (A.B., L.Y., F.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.B., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (C.R.S., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergus","family":"Stafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio Genomics Program at Centenary Institute (A.B., L.Y., F.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.B., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (C.R.S., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6441-274X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher","family":"Semsarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.B., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute (C.R.S., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4846-7676","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jodie","family":"Ingles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio Genomics Program at Centenary Institute (A.B., L.Y., F.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health (A.B., R.D.B., L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.), The University of Sydney, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia (L.Y., C.B., C.S., J.I.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. 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