{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:57:03Z","timestamp":1792166223950,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Heart Failure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the current era of mechanical circulatory support, limited data are available on prognosis of cardiogenic shock (CS) caused by various diseases. We investigated the characteristics and predictors of in-hospital mortality in Korean patients with CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RESCUE study (Retrospective and Prospective Observational Study to Investigate Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Korean Patients With CS) is a multicenter, retrospective, and prospective registry of patients that presented with CS. Between January 2014 and December 2018, 1247 patients with CS were enrolled from 12 major centers in Korea. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In-hospital mortality rate was 33.6%. The main causes of shock were ischemic heart disease (80.7%), dilated cardiomyopathy (6.1%), myocarditis (3.2%), and nonischemic ventricular arrhythmia (2.5%). Vasopressors were used in 1081 patients (86.7%). The most frequently used vasopressor was dopamine (63.4%) followed by norepinephrine (57.3%). An intraaortic balloon pump was used in 314 patients (25.2%) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenator in 496 patients (39.8%). In multivariable analysis, age \u226570years (odds ratio [OR], 2.73 [95% CI, 1.89\u20133.94],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), body mass index &lt;25 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      (OR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.08\u20132.16],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.017), cardiac arrest at presentation (OR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.44\u20133.23],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), vasoactive-inotrope score &gt;80 (OR, 3.55 [95% CI, 2.54\u20134.95],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (OR, 4.14 [95% CI, 2.88\u20135.95],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), mechanical ventilator (OR, 3.17 [95% CI, 2.16\u20134.63],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), intraaortic balloon pump (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.07\u20132.24],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.020), and extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (OR, 1.85 [95% CI, 1.25\u20132.76],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002) were independent predictors for in-hospital mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The in-hospital mortality of patients with CS remains high despite the high utilization of mechanical circulatory support. Age, low body mass index, cardiac arrest at presentation, amount of vasopressor, and advanced organ failure requiring various support devices were poor prognostic factors for in-hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ; Unique identifier: NCT02985008.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.120.008141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T14:01:22Z","timestamp":1623765682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock: Results From the RESCUE Registry"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct02985008","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Jeong Hoon","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center (J.H.Y., K.H.C., T.K.P., J.M.L., Y.B.S., J.-Y.H., S.-H.C., H.-C.G.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Hong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center (J.H.Y., K.H.C., T.K.P., J.M.L., Y.B.S., J.-Y.H., S.-H.C., H.-C.G.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7748-5788","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young-Guk","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Y.-G.K., C.-M.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7071-4370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chul-Min","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (Y.-G.K., C.-M.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol Woong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (C.W.Y.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Jung","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Samsung Changwon Hospital (W.J.C.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo Jin","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ewha Woman\u2019s University Seoul Hospital, Ehwa Woman\u2019s University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (W.J.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (H.-J.K., B.S.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bum Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (H.-J.K., B.S.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang-Whan","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (J.-W.B., S.Y.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1386-349X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sang Yeub","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (J.-W.B., S.Y.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Uk","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, University of Inje College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (S.U.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1260-0778","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hyun-Jong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea (H.-J.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8264-0866","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wang Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (W.S.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0763-4754","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin-Ok","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.-O.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Don","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea (S.-D.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Hoon","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L., S.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungsoo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea (S.-H.L., S.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taek Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center (J.H.Y., K.H.C., T.K.P., J.M.L., Y.B.S., J.-Y.H., S.-H.C., H.-C.G.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2178-4014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joo Myung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center (J.H.Y., K.H.C., T.K.P., J.M.L., Y.B.S., J.-Y.H., S.-H.C., H.-C.G.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-9152","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Young Bin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center (J.H.Y., K.H.C., T.K.P., J.M.L., Y.B.S., J.-Y.H., S.-H.C., H.-C.G.), Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of 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