{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T10:53:14Z","timestamp":1788691994986,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Heart Failure"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cardiopulmonary failure is the leading cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Research into DMD-specific cardiovascular therapies is ongoing, but there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved cardiac end points. To adequately power a therapeutic trial, appropriate end points must be chosen and the rate of change for these end points reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate rate of change for cardiac magnetic resonance and blood biomarkers and to determine which measures associate with all-cause mortality in DMD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Seventy-eight DMD subjects underwent 211 cardiac magnetic resonance studies analyzed for left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, indexed LV end diastolic and systolic volumes, circumferential strain, late gadolinium enhancement presence and severity (global severity score, and full width half maximum), native T1 mapping, T2 mapping, and extracellular volume. Blood samples were analyzed for BNP (brain natriuretic peptide), NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), and troponin I. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was performed with all-cause mortality as the outcome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Fifteen subjects (19%) died. LV ejection fraction, indexed end systolic volumes, global severity score, and full width half maximum worsened at 1 and 2 years while circumferential strain and indexed LV end diastolic volumes worsened at 2 years. LV ejection fraction, indexed LV end diastolic and systolic volumes, late gadolinium enhancement full width half maximum, and circumferential strain associated with all-cause mortality (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05). NT-proBNP was the only blood biomarker that associated with all-cause mortality (\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>LV ejection fraction, indexed LV volumes, circumferential strain, late gadolinium enhancement full width half maximum, and NT-proBNP are associated with all-cause mortality in DMD and may be the best end points for use in cardiovascular therapeutic trials. We also report change over time of cardiac magnetic resonance and blood biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.122.010040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T09:00:33Z","timestamp":1686214833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Cardiovascular Measures of All-Cause Mortality in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9194-5330","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jonathan H.","family":"Soslow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division or Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.H.S., K.C., K.G.-D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics (M.X., J.C.S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8770-980X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James C.","family":"Slaughter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics (M.X., J.C.S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Crum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division or Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.H.S., K.C., K.G.-D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1832-9096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacob A.","family":"Kaslow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics (J.A.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6009-5417","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristen","family":"George-Durrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division or Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.H.S., K.C., K.G.-D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3464-6569","authenticated-orcid":true,"suffix":"Jr","given":"Frank J.","family":"Raucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (F.J.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1945-5622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"James D.","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (J.D.W.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0524-9908","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Linda H.","family":"Cripe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus (L.H.C, K.N.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4628-5227","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kan N.","family":"Hor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus (L.H.C, K.N.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2493-5735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher F.","family":"Spurney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Children\u2019s National Heart Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC (C.F.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2804-4641","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Larry W.","family":"Markham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis (L.W.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2013.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.015151"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000001023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration Center for Evaluation and Research. 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