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Several conditions, including syndromic, metabolic, infiltrative, and neuromuscular diseases, may present with left ventricular hypertrophy, mimicking the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype but showing a different pathophysiology, clinical course, and outcome. Despite being rare, they are collectively responsible for a large proportion of patients presenting with hypertrophic heart disease, and their timely diagnosis can significantly impact patients\u2019 management. The understanding of disease pathophysiology has advanced over the last few years, and several therapeutic targets have been identified, leading to a new era of tailored treatments applying to different etiologies associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. This review aims to provide an overview of the existing and emerging therapies for the principal causes of hypertrophic heart disease, discussing the potential impact on patients\u2019 management and clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circheartfailure.123.010687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T05:00:39Z","timestamp":1689915639000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Targeted Therapies in Pediatric and Adult Patients With Hypertrophic Heart Disease: From Molecular Pathophysiology to Personalized Medicine"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9304-988X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Monda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi 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