{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:16:20Z","timestamp":1793085380342,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Carcinoid heart disease is a rare form of valvular heart disease. We sought describe the spectrum of carcinoid heart disease identified by echocardiography and cardiac MRI.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Method and Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Two hundred fifty-two patients with carcinoid syndrome underwent a range of investigations including 2D transthoracic echocardiography, 3D transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography, and cardiac MRI. Fifty-two patients had evidence of carcinoid heart disease. Involvement of the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves were found in 47 (90%), 36 (69%), 15 (29%), and 14 (27%), respectively. Myocardial metastases were found in 2 (3.8%) patients. Several patterns of disease were identified depending on the extent and severity to which each leaflet and its associated subvavlular apparatus was affected. Thirteen of 15 (87%) patients with left-sided carcinoid involvement had a patent foramen ovale. Three patients with severe degree of shunting had severe valvular regurgitation. Patients with mild\/moderate degree of shunting had mild or moderate valvular regurgitation. Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography\/transesophageal echocardiography provided detailed anatomic information particularly for the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Cardiac MRI allowed complementary assessment of valvular heart disease and delineation of myocardial metastases. Gallium-68 octreotide positron emission tomography identified neuroendocrine metastases.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Carcinoid heart disease is a heterogeneous disease with a wide spectrum of echocardiographic findings. A multimodality approach is needed in patients with this complex pathology.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.109.886846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,18]],"date-time":"2009-11-18T03:19:17Z","timestamp":1258514357000},"page":"103-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Features of Carcinoid Heart Disease Identified by 2- and 3-Dimensional Echocardiography and Cardiac MRI"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (S.B., J.D.), Carcinoid Heart Disease Clinic, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit (C.T., M.C.), Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Pathology (M.B.), Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom; and Centre for Cardiovascular MR (A.M.T.), UCL Institute of Child Health and Great, Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Toumpanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (S.B., J.D.), Carcinoid Heart Disease Clinic, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit (C.T., M.C.), Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Pathology (M.B.), Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom; and Centre for Cardiovascular MR (A.M.T.), UCL Institute of Child Health and Great, Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (S.B., J.D.), Carcinoid Heart Disease Clinic, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit (C.T., M.C.), Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Pathology (M.B.), Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom; and Centre for Cardiovascular MR (A.M.T.), UCL Institute of Child Health and Great, Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew M.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (S.B., J.D.), Carcinoid Heart Disease Clinic, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit (C.T., M.C.), Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Pathology (M.B.), Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom; and Centre for Cardiovascular MR (A.M.T.), UCL Institute of Child Health and Great, Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyn E.","family":"Caplin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (S.B., J.D.), Carcinoid Heart Disease Clinic, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit (C.T., M.C.), Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Pathology (M.B.), Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom; and Centre for Cardiovascular MR (A.M.T.), UCL Institute of Child Health and Great, Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Davar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology (S.B., J.D.), Carcinoid Heart Disease Clinic, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit (C.T., M.C.), Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; the Department of Pathology (M.B.), Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom; and Centre for Cardiovascular MR (A.M.T.), UCL Institute of Child Health and Great, Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","first-page":"858","volume":"240","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kulke MH, Mayer RJ. Carcinoid tumours. N Engl J Med. 1999; 240: 858\u2013868.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.77.2.2448062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.87.4.7681733"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.742486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"777","volume":"1","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zoghbi W, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E, Grayburn PA, Kraft CD, Levine RA, Nihoyannopoulos P, Otto CM, Quinones MA, Rakowski H, Stewart WJ, Waggoner A, Weissman NJ. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2003: 1; 777\u2013802.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.106.176857"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2005.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(84)90091-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.66.5.7127689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(85)90313-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.106.035667"}],"container-title":["Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.886846","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T01:38:58Z","timestamp":1715564338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.886846"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.886846"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circimaging.109.886846","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-9651","1942-0080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-9651","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-11-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}