{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T13:21:51Z","timestamp":1773926511229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (ILVNC) is a cardiomyopathy caused by intrauterine failure of the myocardium to compact. Common clinical complications are heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardioembolism. A paucity of data exists relating to clinical and echocardiographic features of ILVNC in Africans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study is a single-center, prospective case-control study, whereby subjects attending a dedicated cardiomyopathy clinic were screened for and diagnosed with ILVNC, provided they had no other associated structural heart disease and fulfilled all the accompanying echocardiographic criteria: (1) end-systolic ratio of noncompacted layer to compacted layer &gt;2, (2) presence of &gt;3 prominent apical trabeculations, and (3) deep intertrabecular recesses that fill with blood from the ventricular cavity visualized using color Doppler ultrasound. Fifty-four subjects were identified, age 45.4\u00b113.1 years (mean\u00b1SD), 95% confidence interval 3.6 to 10.2, 55.6% male, and 63.0% New York Health Association Class II, and prevalence of LVNC in our clinic was 6.9%, 95% confidence interval 3.6 to 10.2. Heart failure because of systolic dysfunction was the most common clinical presentation (53 subjects, 98.1%). Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was 61.4\u00b17.2 mm (mean\u00b1SD) and ejection fraction 26.7\u00b111.9% (mean\u00b1SD). Common sites of noncompaction were the apical (100%), midinferior (74.1%), and midlateral (64.8%) walls. Right ventricular noncompaction occurred in 12 subjects (22.2%). Pulmonary hypertension was documented in 45 cases (83.3%). Right ventricular dilation was noted in 40 subjects (74.1%), while right ventricular function was depressed in 32 (59.3%). Tricuspid S' was 9.6\u00b12.8 cm\/s (mean\u00b1SD). No echocardiographic features suggestive of ILVNC were noted in a healthy control group of African descent.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>ILVNC in patients of African descent can be characterized by biventricular abnormality and pulmonary hypertension, in addition to isolated left-sided abnormality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.111.966937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,11]],"date-time":"2012-01-11T02:06:14Z","timestamp":1326247574000},"page":"187-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Isolated Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Clinical and Echocardiographic Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ferande","family":"Peters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (F.P., C.S., H.M., N.M., E.L., F.M., M.R.E.); Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai\/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, WI (B.K.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bijoy K.","family":"Khandheria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (F.P., C.S., H.M., N.M., E.L., F.M., M.R.E.); Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai\/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, WI (B.K.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (F.P., C.S., H.M., N.M., E.L., F.M., M.R.E.); Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai\/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, WI (B.K.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiral","family":"Matioda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (F.P., C.S., H.M., N.M., E.L., F.M., M.R.E.); Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai\/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, WI (B.K.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nirvarthi","family":"Maharaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (F.P., C.S., H.M., N.M., E.L., F.M., M.R.E.); Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai\/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, WI (B.K.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Libhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (F.P., C.S., H.M., N.M., E.L., F.M., M.R.E.); Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai\/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, WI (B.K.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farouk","family":"Mamdoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (F.P., C.S., H.M., N.M., E.L., F.M., M.R.E.); Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai\/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, WI (B.K.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed R.","family":"Essop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Cardiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (F.P., C.S., H.M., N.M., E.L., F.M., M.R.E.); Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai\/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Milwaukee, WI (B.K.K.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.2.507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000132478.60674.D0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/72.1.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00755-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00170-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.542894"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.108.786244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"587","article-title":"[Left ventricular noncompaction: a cardiomyopathy in young individuals. 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