{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:06:57Z","timestamp":1787062017120,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The influence of atrioventricular (AV) interaction on mitral valve closure (MVC) and left ventricular (LV) isovolumic contraction is not fully clarified. We investigated the relationship among AV delay, MVC, and LV isovolumic contraction using a horse model because of the low heart rate and physiologically long AV delay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six horses were evaluated during sinus rhythm, right ventricular pacing without preceding atrial contraction, and dual-chamber pacing at AV delays of 150 to 350 ms, programmed at a constant rate. Right parasternal 4-chamber views were recorded for simultaneous measurements of MVC from anatomic M-mode and radial tissue Doppler-based LV pre-ejection velocity and isovolumic acceleration. During sinus rhythm and long AV delays (\u2265300 ms), 2 positive pre-ejection velocity peaks were present. The first peak was identified as LV recoil during atrial relaxation and consistently preceded MVC by 33\u00b117 ms. The second peak was related to LV isovolumic contraction, occurring after MVC. This suggests that MVC was caused by atrial relaxation and followed by true isovolumic contraction. During short AV delays (&lt;300 ms) and right ventricular pacing, MVC occurred significantly later. Only 1 pre-ejection peak was present, of which the end coincided with MVC with a mean difference of \u20131.5\u00b110 ms. This suggests that LV contraction caused MVC. Peak velocity and isovolumic acceleration were significantly higher (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) because the mitral valve was open at the onset of LV contraction.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depending on the AV delay, MVC can be atrio- or ventriculogenic, resulting in significant alterations of the LV peak pre-ejection velocity and isovolumic acceleration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.112.978692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,28]],"date-time":"2012-11-28T20:34:39Z","timestamp":1354134879000},"page":"109-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Influence of Atrioventricular Interaction on Mitral Valve Closure and Left Ventricular Isovolumic Contraction Measured by Tissue Doppler Imaging"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Annelies","family":"Decloedt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (A.D., T.V., S.S., D.D.C., G.v.L.); and ICREA-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (B.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tinne","family":"Verheyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (A.D., T.V., S.S., D.D.C., G.v.L.); and ICREA-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (B.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanislas","family":"Sys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (A.D., T.V., S.S., D.D.C., G.v.L.); and ICREA-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (B.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"De Clercq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (A.D., T.V., S.S., D.D.C., G.v.L.); and ICREA-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (B.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Bijnens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (A.D., T.V., S.S., D.D.C., G.v.L.); and ICREA-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (B.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"van Loon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium (A.D., T.V., S.S., D.D.C., G.v.L.); and ICREA-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (B.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(98)00119-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000058171.62847.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00867.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00191.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.748491"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2009.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00149.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.59.4.615"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(95)00141-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"312","article-title":"The role of atrial contraction in mitral valve closure.","volume":"10","author":"Timek T","year":"2001","unstructured":"Timek T, Dagum P, Lai DT, Green GR, Glasson JR, Daughters GT, Ingels NB, Miller DC. 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