{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:55:04Z","timestamp":1790398504506,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Arterial calcium (Ca) deposition has been identified as an active inflammatory process. We sought to test the hypothesis that local vascular inflammation predisposes to subsequent arterial calcium deposition in humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From a hospital database, we identified 137 patients (age, 61\u00b113 years; 48.1% men) who underwent serial positron-emission tomography\/computed tomography (1\u20135 years apart). Focal arterial inflammation was prospectively determined by measuring 18F-flourodeoxyglucose uptake (using baseline positron-emission tomography) within predetermined locations of the thoracic aortic wall and was reported as a standardized uptake value. A separate, blinded investigator evaluated calcium deposition (on the baseline and follow-up computed tomographic scans) along the same standardized sections of the aorta. New calcification was prospectively defined using square root\u2013transformed difference of calcium volume score, with a cutoff value of 2.5. Accordingly, vascular segment was classified as either with or without subsequent calcification. Overall, 67 (9%) of aortic segments demonstrated subsequent calcification. Baseline median (interquartile range) standardized uptake value was higher in segments with versus without subsequent calcification (2.09 [1.84\u20132.44] versus 1.92 [1.72\u20132.20],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002). This was also true in the subset of segments with Ca present at baseline (2.08 [1.81\u20132.40] versus 1.86 [1.66\u20132.09],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02), as well as those without (2.17 [1.87\u20132.51] versus 1.93 [1.73\u20132.20],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04). Furthermore, across all patients, subsequent Ca deposition was associated with the underlying 18F-flourodeoxyglucose uptake (inflammatory signal), measured as standardized uptake value (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]=2.94 [1.27\u20136.89],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01) or target-to-background ratio (2.59 [1.18\u20135.70],\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.02), after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we provide first-in-man evidence that arterial inflammation precedes subsequent Ca deposition, a marker of plaque progression, within the underlying location in the artery wall.<\/jats:p>\n                  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(M.F., A.T.), and Department of Radiology (T.J.B., U.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amparo L.","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiac MR PET CT Program (A.A., E.C., A.L.F., S.F., S.S., M.F., T.J.B., U.H., A.T.), Division of Cardiology (M.F., A.T.), and Department of Radiology (T.J.B., U.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Fontanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiac MR PET CT Program (A.A., E.C., A.L.F., S.F., S.S., M.F., T.J.B., U.H., A.T.), Division of Cardiology (M.F., A.T.), and Department of Radiology (T.J.B., U.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharath","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiac MR PET CT Program (A.A., E.C., A.L.F., S.F., S.S., M.F., T.J.B., U.H., A.T.), Division of Cardiology (M.F., A.T.), and Department of Radiology (T.J.B., U.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maros","family":"Ferencik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiac MR PET CT Program (A.A., E.C., A.L.F., S.F., S.S., M.F., T.J.B., U.H., A.T.), Division of Cardiology (M.F., A.T.), and Department of Radiology (T.J.B., U.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiac MR PET CT Program (A.A., E.C., A.L.F., S.F., S.S., M.F., T.J.B., U.H., A.T.), Division of Cardiology (M.F., A.T.), and Department of Radiology (T.J.B., U.H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 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