{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T06:48:34Z","timestamp":1789886914095,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the effects of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, on coronary and left ventricular function in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with rheumatoid arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a double-blind crossover trial, 80 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (60 with CAD and 20 without) were randomized to a single injection of anakinra or placebo and after 48 hours to the alternative treatment. At baseline and 3 hours after treatment, we assessed (1) flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery; (2) coronary flow reserve, ejection fraction, systemic arterial compliance, and resistance by echocardiography; (3) left ventricular global longitudinal and circumferential strain, peak twisting, untwisting velocity by speckle tracking; and (4) interleukin-1\u03b2, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and Fas\/Fas ligand levels. At baseline, patients with CAD had 3-fold higher interleukin-1\u03b2, protein carbonyl, higher nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, and Fas\/Fas ligand than non-CAD (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). After anakinra, there was a greater improvement of flow-mediated dilation (57\u00b14% versus 47\u00b15%), coronary flow reserve (37\u00b14% versus 29\u00b12%), arterial compliance (20\u00b118% versus 2\u00b117%), resistance (\u221211\u00b119% versus 9\u00b121%), longitudinal strain (33\u00b15% versus 18\u00b12%), circumferential strain (22\u00b15% versus 13\u00b15%), peak twisting (30\u00b15% versus 12\u00b15%), untwisting velocity (23\u00b15% versus 13\u00b15%), ejection fraction (12\u00b15% versus 0.5\u00b15%), apoptotic and oxidative markers, and, in particular, of protein carbonyl (35\u00b120% versus 14\u00b19%) in CAD than in non-CAD patients (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.01). No changes in the examined markers were observed after placebo.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interleukin-1 inhibition causes a greater improvement in endothelial, coronary aortic function in addition to left ventricular myocardial deformation and twisting in rheumatoid arthritis patients with CAD than in those without.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Unique identifier: NCT01566201.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.113.001193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,30]],"date-time":"2014-04-30T02:34:44Z","timestamp":1398825284000},"page":"619-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["Increased Benefit of Interleukin-1 Inhibition on Vascular Function, Myocardial Deformation, and Twisting in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Coexisting Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ignatios","family":"Ikonomidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stavros","family":"Tzortzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Andreadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Paraskevaidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysoula","family":"Katseli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pelagia","family":"Katsimbri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Pavlidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Parissis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kremastinos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Anastasiou-Nana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Athens, Greece (I.A., C.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lekakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the 2nd Cardiology Department (I.I., S.T., I.P., G.P., J.P., D.K., M.A.-N., J.L.) and 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Unit (P.K.), Attikon Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; 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