{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:58:19Z","timestamp":1787504299500,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Assessment of systemic right ventricular (RV) function in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome is important during long-term follow-up after Fontan repair. Traditional echocardiographic parameters to evaluate systolic ventricular function are affected by loading conditions. The only generally accepted load-independent parameter of systolic function, end systolic elastance (\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>es<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), requires invasive catheterization. Therefore, we sought to determine if parameters obtained by 2-dimensional speckle tracking (2DST) were affected by acute changes in preload and correlated with catheterization-derived indices of RV contractility in hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients after Fontan palliation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty-two patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (median age, 6.6; range 2.9\u201322.2 years) were prospectively enrolled to have echocardiography and conductance catheter studies performed simultaneously. We compared traditional echo, 2-dimensional speckle tracking and catheterization-derived parameters during different states of preload at baseline and during dobutamine infusion. Global longitudinal strain (S) showed a tendency to decrease with preload reduction, whereas global longitudinal strain rate (SR) did not change (S: \u221217.7\u00b13.4% versus \u221216.9\u00b13.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.08; SR: \u22121.30\u00b10.29 versus \u22121.34\u00b10.34 s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.3). S did not change with dobutamine infusion (\u221217.7\u00b13.4% versus \u221218.4\u00b13.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.24), whereas SR increased significantly (\u22121.30\u00b10.29 versus \u22122.26\u00b10.49 s\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). RV\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>es<\/jats:sub>\n                      correlated with SR (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      = \u22120.47,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), but not with S (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      =0.07,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.5) or other echocardiographic parameters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In contrast to S, SR was not affected by preload and correlated with\n                      <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>es<\/jats:sub>\n                      of the systemic RV. SR may be a useful noninvasive surrogate of RV contractility and suitable for follow-up of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after Fontan palliation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.114.002110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,30]],"date-time":"2014-09-30T21:43:57Z","timestamp":1412113437000},"page":"880-886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Two-Dimensional Global Longitudinal Strain Rate Is a Preload Independent Index of Systemic Right Ventricular Contractility in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Patients After Fontan Operation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Jana","family":"Schlangen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (J.S., C.P., J.H.H., M.M., C.H., G.F., K.B., H.-H.K.); Department of Pediatric, Fetal and Congenital Cardiology, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Moanalua Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (C.P.); and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Petko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (J.S., C.P., J.H.H., M.M., C.H., G.F., K.B., H.-H.K.); Department of Pediatric, Fetal and Congenital Cardiology, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Moanalua Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (C.P.); and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan H.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (J.S., C.P., J.H.H., M.M., C.H., G.F., K.B., H.-H.K.); Department of Pediatric, Fetal and Congenital Cardiology, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Moanalua Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (C.P.); and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (J.S., C.P., J.H.H., M.M., C.H., G.F., K.B., H.-H.K.); Department of Pediatric, Fetal and Congenital Cardiology, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Moanalua Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (C.P.); and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (J.S., C.P., J.H.H., M.M., C.H., G.F., K.B., H.-H.K.); Department of Pediatric, Fetal and Congenital Cardiology, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Moanalua Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (C.P.); and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anselm","family":"Uebing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (J.S., C.P., J.H.H., M.M., C.H., G.F., K.B., H.-H.K.); Department of Pediatric, Fetal and Congenital Cardiology, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Moanalua Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (C.P.); and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunther","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (J.S., C.P., J.H.H., M.M., C.H., G.F., K.B., H.-H.K.); Department of Pediatric, Fetal and Congenital Cardiology, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Moanalua Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (C.P.); and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kolja","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (J.S., C.P., J.H.H., M.M., C.H., G.F., K.B., H.-H.K.); Department of Pediatric, Fetal and Congenital Cardiology, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Moanalua Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (C.P.); and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Heiner","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department for Congenital Heart Disease and Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany (J.S., C.P., J.H.H., M.M., C.H., G.F., K.B., H.-H.K.); Department of Pediatric, Fetal and Congenital Cardiology, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Permanente Moanalua Medical Center, Honolulu, HI (C.P.); and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2006.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(01)00857-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2012.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jep045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-008-9227-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2007.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2010.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-010-9760-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2011.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jes274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00429.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0102.101396"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jen315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.07.098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2004.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2008.00707.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00218.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0803.2011.00607.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951111000631"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.03.183"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2006.109520"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.08.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.113.000722"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.06.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2010.118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2007.00424.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-0924-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.12.3190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000121430.62987.A2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/21\/3\/201"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","first-page":"477","article-title":"Angiocardiographic right ventricular volume determination. 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