{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:47:57Z","timestamp":1790768877788,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Contemporary understanding of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling is based on cross-sectional data and relatively short duration longitudinal studies. Temporal progression of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling remains incompletely understood.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              A longitudinal repeated-measures study design using 2-dimensional and speckle-tracking echocardiography was used to examine acute augmentation phase (AAP; 90 days) and more extended chronic maintenance phase (39 months) left ventricular (LV) structural and functional adaptations to endurance exercise training among competitive male rowers (n=12; age 18.6\u00b10.5 years). LV mass was within normal limits at baseline (93\u00b19 g\/m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              ), increased after AAP (105\u00b17 g\/m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              ;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001), and further increased after chronic maintenance phase (113\u00b110 g\/m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              ;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001 for comparison to post-AAP). AAP LV hypertrophy was driven by LV dilation (\u0394LV end-diastolic volume, 9\u00b13 mL\/m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              ;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.004) with stable LV wall thickness (\u0394LV wall thickness, 0.3\u00b10.1 mm;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.63). In contrast, chronic maintenance phase LV hypertrophy was attributable to LV wall thickening (\u0394 LV wall thickness, 1.1\u00b10.4 mm;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.004) with stable LV chamber volumes (\u0394LV end-diastolic volume, 1\u00b11 mL\/m\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              ;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.48). Early diastolic peak tissue velocity increased during AAP (\u221211.7\u00b11.9 versus \u221213.6\u00b11.3 cm\/s;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) and remained similarly increased after chronic maintenance phase.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In a small sample of competitive endurance athletes, exercise-induced cardiac remodeling follows a phasic response with increases in LV chamber size, early diastolic function, and systolic twist in an acute augmentation phase of exercise training. This is followed by a chronic phase of adaptation characterized by increasing wall thickness and regression in LV twist. Training duration is a determinant of exercise-induced cardiac remodeling and has implications for the assessment of myocardial structure and function in athletes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.115.003651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T04:53:50Z","timestamp":1450155230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Exercise-Induced Left Ventricular Remodeling Among Competitive Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rory B.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"DeLuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meagan M.","family":"Wasfy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brant","family":"Berkstresser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"St\u00f6hr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Shave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Adolph M.","family":"Hutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron L.","family":"Baggish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cardiovascular Performance Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (R.B.W., J.R.D., J.L., M.M.W., G.D.L., A.M.H., M.H.P., A.L.B.); Harvard University Health Services, Cambridge, MA (R.B.W., F.W., B.B., A.L.B.); and Cardiff School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom (E.S., R.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-1-199901050-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101313240504"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.973784"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540030045030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.12.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-4-521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01170.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.217125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010775"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.4.667"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041451"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00345-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00395.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.02.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2010.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.932921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.156323"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.227850"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00092.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.4.1810"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.11.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000438"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2007.4352888"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/akd.2013.137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199406000-00010"}],"container-title":["Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003651","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T02:54:29Z","timestamp":1715568869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003651"}},"subtitle":["A Phasic Phenomenon"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circimaging.115.003651","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-9651","1942-0080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-9651","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-05-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-11-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-12-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e003651"}}