{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T04:55:31Z","timestamp":1790398531938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spotty superficial calcium deposits have been implicated in plaque vulnerability based on previous intravascular imaging studies. Biomechanical models suggest that microcalcifications between 5 and 65 \u00b5m in diameter can intensify fibrous cap stress, promoting plaque rupture. However, the 100- to 200-\u00b5m resolution of intravascular ultrasound limits its ability to discriminate single calcium deposits from clusters of smaller deposits, and a previous optical coherence tomographic investigation evaluated calcifications within a long segment of artery, which may not truly reflect the mechanics involved in potentiating focal plaque rupture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Detailed optical coherence tomographic assessment of coronary calcification at the culprit plaque (10-mm length) was performed in 53 patients with acute ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction mediated by plaque rupture and 55 patients with stable angina pectoris. The number and longitudinal length of individual calcium deposits were recorded. Cross-sectional images were analyzed every 1 mm for calcium arc and depth, and these quantitative parameters were used to define individual deposits as spotty, large, and superficial. There was no significant difference between ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction mediated by plaque rupture and stable angina pectoris groups in the number of total (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.58), spotty (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.87), or large calcium deposits (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.27). Minimum calcium depth was similar between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.27), as was the number of superficial deposits (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.35 using a 65-\u00b5m depth threshold and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.84 using a 100-\u00b5m depth threshold).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number and pattern of culprit plaque calcifications did not differ between patients presenting with ST-segment\u2013elevation myocardial infarction mediated by plaque rupture versus stable angina pectoris. The optical coherence tomographic assessment of coronary calcification may not be a useful marker of local plaque vulnerability as previously suspected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration Information\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      URL:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Unique identifier: NCT01110538.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.115.003929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]],"date-time":"2018-09-30T16:21:08Z","timestamp":1538324468000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Coronary Calcification and Plaque Vulnerability"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsunenari","family":"Soeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Higuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyasu","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea (I.-K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ik-Kyung","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cardiology (D.S.O., J.S.L., T.S., Y.M., Z.W., I.-K.J.) and Biostatistics Center (H.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Department of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan (T.H., H.Y., T.Y, K.O.); 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