{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:34:12Z","timestamp":1787798052386,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cardiac mass and volumes are often elevated in athletes, but it is not known whether moderate physical activity is also associated with cardiac dilatation and hypertrophy in a healthy adult population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              In total, 1096 adults (54% female, median age 39 years) without cardiovascular disease or cardiomyopathy-associated genetic variants underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to determine biventricular volumes and function. Physical activity was assessed using a validated activity questionnaire. The relationship between cardiac parameters and activity was assessed using multiple linear regression adjusting for age, sex, race, and systolic blood pressure. Logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of activity on the likelihood of subjects having cardiac dilatation or hypertrophy according to standard cardiac magnetic resonance normal ranges. Increasing physical activity was associated with greater left ventricular (LV) mass (\u03b2=0.23;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001) and elevated LV and right ventricular volumes (LV: \u03b2=0.26,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001; right ventricular: \u03b2=0.26,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001). Physical activity had a larger effect on cardiac parameters than systolic blood pressure (0.06\u2264\u03b2\u22640.21) and a similar effect to age (\u22120.20\u2264\u03b2\u2264\u22120.31). Increasing physical activity was a risk factor for meeting imaging criteria for LV hypertrophy (adjusted odds ratio 2.1;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), LV dilatation (adjusted odds ratio 2.2;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), and right ventricular dilatation (adjusted odds ratio 2.2;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Exercise-related cardiac remodeling is not confined to athletes, and there is a risk of overdiagnosing cardiac dilatation or hypertrophy in a proportion of active, healthy adults.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.116.004712","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T03:03:55Z","timestamp":1470711835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Moderate Physical Activity in Healthy Adults Is Associated With Cardiac Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Timothy J.W.","family":"Dawes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom (T.J.W.D., B.C., A.d.M., J.S.W., S.A.C., D.P.O.); Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (S.C.); NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and the National Heart &amp; Lung Institute at Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.W., J.S.W., S.A.C.); National Heart Centre and Duke\u2013National University of Singapore (S.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Corden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom (T.J.W.D., B.C., A.d.M., J.S.W., S.A.C., D.P.O.); Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (S.C.); NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and the National Heart &amp; Lung Institute at Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.W., J.S.W., S.A.C.); National Heart Centre and Duke\u2013National University of Singapore (S.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sorcha","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom (T.J.W.D., B.C., A.d.M., J.S.W., S.A.C., D.P.O.); Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (S.C.); NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and the National Heart &amp; Lung Institute at Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.W., J.S.W., S.A.C.); National Heart Centre and Duke\u2013National University of Singapore (S.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"de Marvao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom (T.J.W.D., B.C., A.d.M., J.S.W., S.A.C., D.P.O.); Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (S.C.); NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and the National Heart &amp; Lung Institute at Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.W., J.S.W., S.A.C.); National Heart Centre and Duke\u2013National University of Singapore (S.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roddy","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom (T.J.W.D., B.C., A.d.M., J.S.W., S.A.C., D.P.O.); Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (S.C.); NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and the National Heart &amp; Lung Institute at Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.W., J.S.W., S.A.C.); National Heart Centre and Duke\u2013National University of Singapore (S.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Ware","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom (T.J.W.D., B.C., A.d.M., J.S.W., S.A.C., D.P.O.); Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (S.C.); NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and the National Heart &amp; Lung Institute at Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.W., J.S.W., S.A.C.); National Heart Centre and Duke\u2013National University of Singapore (S.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom (T.J.W.D., B.C., A.d.M., J.S.W., S.A.C., D.P.O.); Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (S.C.); NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and the National Heart &amp; Lung Institute at Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.W., J.S.W., S.A.C.); National Heart Centre and Duke\u2013National University of Singapore (S.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Declan P.","family":"O\u2019Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the MRC Clinical Sciences Centre (CSC), London, United Kingdom (T.J.W.D., B.C., A.d.M., J.S.W., S.A.C., D.P.O.); Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (S.C.); NIHR Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit and the National Heart &amp; Lung Institute at Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.W., J.S.W., S.A.C.); National Heart Centre and Duke\u2013National University of Singapore (S.A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.981571"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02478-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","volume-title":"Physical Activity Guidelines in the U.K.: Review and Recommendations","author":"Bull FC","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bull FC; 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