{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T16:05:04Z","timestamp":1790352304292,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We investigated the associations of glycemic markers (HbA\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              [hemoglobin A\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              ], fasting plasma glucose, and insulin resistance\u2014homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) with subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) among blacks.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We included 4303 community-dwelling blacks (64% women; mean age, 54.5 years) without prevalent CVD. Subclinical CVD was defined as \u22651 of the following: any coronary artery calcification (CAC), elevated carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV ejection fraction &lt;50%, and peripheral artery disease (ankle-brachial index, &lt;0.90). Estimates of cross-sectional associations of glycemic markers (fasting plasma glucose, HbA\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              , and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) with subclinical CVD measures were adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Each 1% increment in HbA\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              was associated with higher odds of CAC, abnormal cIMT, and subclinical CVD (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). Adjusted mean values of LV mass (LVM), LVM index, relative wall thickness, CAC, and cIMT were increasingly abnormal with worsening HbA\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              categories (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05). Each 10-mg\/dL increase in fasting plasma glucose was associated with higher odds of LV hypertrophy, CAC, abnormal cIMT, and subclinical CVD (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.005). Adjusted mean values of LVM, LVM index, relative wall thickness, CAC, ankle-brachial index, and cIMT were more abnormal across categories of worsening fasting plasma glucose (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05). Each unit increment in log-transformed homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance conferred a higher odd of having LV hypertrophy (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01). Across quartiles of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, we observed progressively abnormal adjusted mean values of LVM, LVM index, relative wall thickness, and ankle-brachial index (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among blacks, glycemic markers were differentially associated with various measures of subclinical CVD.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.118.008641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T09:03:39Z","timestamp":1552899819000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Glycemic Markers and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Jackson Heart Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Justin B.","family":"Echouffo-Tcheugui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA (J.B.E.-T., R.R.K., S.H.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistical Sciences (H.C., S.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita R.","family":"Kalyani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA (J.B.E.-T., R.R.K., S.H.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Sims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (M.S., A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistical Sciences (H.C., S.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valery S.","family":"Effoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.S.E.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson (M.S., A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain G.","family":"Bertoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention (A.G.B.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherita H.","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA (J.B.E.-T., R.R.K., S.H.G.)."},{"name":"Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (S.H.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908359"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.301587"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047941"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.674143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-154-5-201103010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30321-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"S6-1","article-title":"The Jackson Heart Study: an overview.","volume":"15","author":"Taylor HA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor, HA. 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