{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T17:00:44Z","timestamp":1782234044126,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Athletic cardiac remodeling can occasionally be difficult to differentiate from pathological hypertrophy. Detraining is a commonly used diagnostic test to identify physiological hypertrophy, which can be diagnosed if hypertrophy regresses. We aimed to establish whether athletic cardiac remodeling assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance is mediated by changes in intracellular or extracellular compartments and whether this occurs by 1 or 3 months of detraining.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty-eight athletes about to embark on a period of forced detraining due to incidental limb bone fracture underwent clinical assessment, ECG, and contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance within a week of their injury and then 1 month and 3 months later.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              After 1 month of detraining, there was reduction in left ventricular (LV) mass (130\u00b128 to 121\u00b125 g;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001), increase in native T1 (1225\u00b130 to 1239\u00b130 ms;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02), and extracellular volume fraction (24.5\u00b12.3% to 26.0\u00b12.6%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.0007) with no further changes by 3 months. The decrease in LV mass was mediated by a decrease in intracellular compartment volume (94\u00b122 to 85\u00b119 mL;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.0001) with no significant change in the extracellular compartment volume. High LV mass index, low native T1, and low extracellular volume fraction at baseline were all predictive of regression in LV mass in the first month.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Regression of athletic LV hypertrophy can be detected after just 1 month of complete detraining and is mediated by a decrease in the intracellular myocardial compartment with no change in the extracellular compartment. Further studies are needed in athletes with overt and pathological hypertrophy to establish whether native T1 and extracellular volume fraction may complement electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and genetic testing in predicting the outcome of detraining.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.119.009417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T09:00:27Z","timestamp":1568192427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Regression of Left Ventricular Mass in Athletes Undergoing Complete Detraining Is Mediated by Decrease in Intracellular but Not Extracellular Compartments"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Peter P.","family":"Swoboda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (P.P.S., P.G., E.L., D.A.B., A.Z.-N., A.J.R.F., G.J.F., P.G.C., L.A.B., C.E.S., E.D., J.P.G., S.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (P.P.S., P.G., E.L., D.A.B., A.Z.-N., A.J.R.F., G.J.F., P.G.C., L.A.B., C.E.S., E.D., J.P.G., S.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eylem","family":"Levelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (P.P.S., P.G., E.L., D.A.B., A.Z.-N., A.J.R.F., G.J.F., P.G.C., L.A.B., C.E.S., E.D., J.P.G., S.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Broadbent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (P.P.S., P.G., E.L., D.A.B., A.Z.-N., A.J.R.F., G.J.F., P.G.C., L.A.B., C.E.S., E.D., J.P.G., S.P.)."},{"name":"Medical Physics and Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom (D.A.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashkun","family":"Zolfaghari-Nia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (P.P.S., P.G., E.L., D.A.B., A.Z.-N., A.J.R.F., G.J.F., P.G.C., L.A.B., C.E.S., E.D., J.P.G., S.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. James R.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (P.P.S., P.G., E.L., D.A.B., A.Z.-N., A.J.R.F., G.J.F., P.G.C., L.A.B., C.E.S., E.D., J.P.G., S.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham J.","family":"Fent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (P.P.S., P.G., E.L., D.A.B., A.Z.-N., A.J.R.F., G.J.F., P.G.C., L.A.B., C.E.S., E.D., J.P.G., S.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei G.","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging Science, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, United Kingdom (P.P.S., P.G., E.L., 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