{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T02:43:56Z","timestamp":1787798636356,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is an excellent predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Limited data exist on the age at which CAC transitions to nonzero among young adults. We aimed to assess the prevalence of CAC by the number of ASCVD risk factors and use this data to model the race- and sex-specific ages at which young adults transition to a CAC &gt;0.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included 17\u2005285 participants aged 30 to 50 years from the CAC Consortium and the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study in this cross-sectional study. We estimated the burden of CAC by the number of ASCVD risk factors and used sex- and race-specific multivariable logistic regression models to predict the probability of CAC &gt;0. From these, we estimated the age at CAC conversion from zero, using a minimum testing yield of 25%.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of the 17\u2005285 participants included in this study (mean age, 43.3\u00b14.7years, 66.9% men, and 87.5% White), 30.1% had CAC &gt;0. The probability of CAC &gt;0 at each specified age and risk factor profile was higher among men than women and White compared with Black individuals. With 2 ASCVD risk factors, the estimated age at which CAC became detectable was 36.1 (35.1\u201336.9) years for White men, 41.9 (40.6\u201343.2) years for Black men, 47.6 (46.3\u201348.9) years for White women, and 51.6 (48.2\u201354.5) years for Black women.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The age at which CAC becomes detectable in young adults varies substantially by race, sex, and the number of ASCVD risk factors. Earlier initiation of CAC scans may be indicated in select subgroups at greater risk of premature atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.124.016599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,3]],"date-time":"2025-03-03T10:01:06Z","timestamp":1740996066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Race- and Sex-Specific Age at Which Coronary Artery Calcium Becomes Detectable Among Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6234-1983","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yvette A.","family":"Yeboah-Kordieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Health, Baltimore, MD (Y.A.Y.-K., A.D.O.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7625-9487","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ellen","family":"Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD (E.B., O.D., Z.D., M.J.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3901-0471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Albert D.","family":"Osei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Health, Baltimore, MD (Y.A.Y.-K., A.D.O.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9483-3510","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Omar","family":"Dzaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD (E.B., O.D., Z.D., M.J.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeina A.","family":"Dardari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD (E.B., O.D., Z.D., M.J.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8756-6995","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joao A.C.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.A.C.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Rozanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY (A.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-9578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Berman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (D.S.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9616-1946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD (E.B., O.D., Z.D., M.J.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Miedema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, MN (M.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5376-2269","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Khurram","family":"Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, TX (K.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5018-2832","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John A.","family":"Rumberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corazon Imaging, Southfield, MI (J.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1268-1491","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leslee J.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (L.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7232-0543","authenticated-orcid":true,"suffix":"Jr","given":"David R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.R.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5138-9683","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Blaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance (M.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"NHIS-Adult Summary Health Statistics. 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