{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:56:32Z","timestamp":1773388592976,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Accumulation of CXCR4 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4)\u2013positive immune cells after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can be visualized by positron emission tomography. For a broader clinical application, there is a need for CXCR4-directed radiotracers labeled with isotopes that can be used with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We report on the detection of CXCR4 expression after AMI in humans using the novel tracer [\n              <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n              Tc]-PentixaTec.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              In this retrospective analysis, 9 patients with AMI after mechanical revascularization underwent myocardial inflammation imaging with [\n              <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n              Tc]-PentixaTec SPECT\/computed tomography and rest perfusion SPECT imaging. Tracer uptake in the infarcted area, spleen, bone marrow, and blood pool were used for semiquantitative analysis and calculation of signal-to-background ratios. The extent and intensity of SPECT-derived inflammatory changes were compared with serological markers and perfusion defects.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              CXCR4-directed SPECT was positive in all patients. Increased CXCR4 expression was only detected in areas with diminished perfusion corresponding to the affected vessel in coronary angiography, with a signal-to-background ratio (infarcted area-to-blood pool) of 2.36\u00b10.74. Uptake in bone marrow and spleen showed a significant correlation with CXCR4 expression in the infarcted areas (r=0.73 and\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03 for spleen and r=0.81 and\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.008 for bone marrow, respectively). The extent and intensity of SPECT-derived inflammatory changes showed no significant association with serum troponin, CK (creatine kinase), leukocyte, or CRP (C-reactive protein) levels.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              This is the first report of in vivo CXCR4 imaging after AMI using a\n              <jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>\n              Tc-labeled tracer. Increased CXCR4 expression was observed locally in the infarcted region and was related to a systemic inflammatory response in the reticuloendothelial system. This proof-of-concept investigation demonstrates the general feasibility of evaluating the inflammation-related CXCR4 expression in the myocardium after AMI using conventional scintigraphy or SPECT and might, thus, broaden its worldwide application in clinical practice.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.124.016992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:14:13Z","timestamp":1731496453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["[\n            <sup>99m<\/sup>\n            Tc]-PentixaTec SPECT\/CT for Imaging of Chemokine Receptor 4 Expression After Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3010-8982","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Liebich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.L., R.A.B., C.H.P., M.K., G.W., C.L.), University of Augsburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph A.","family":"Bundschuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.L., R.A.B., C.H.P., M.K., G.W., C.L.), University of Augsburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2989-5883","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian H.","family":"Pfob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.L., R.A.B., C.H.P., M.K., G.W., C.L.), University of Augsburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malte","family":"Kircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.L., R.A.B., C.H.P., M.K., G.W., C.L.), University of Augsburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9843-5818","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Georgine","family":"Wienand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.L., R.A.B., C.H.P., M.K., G.W., C.L.), University of Augsburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Raake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine (P.R., M.R.), University of Augsburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8817-1482","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Stephan G.","family":"Nekolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Germany (S.G.N.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1928-6913","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margret","family":"Schottelius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (M.S.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9711-7835","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, Germany (T.H.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6901-7319","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Rieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine (P.R., M.R.), University of Augsburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantin","family":"Lapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.L., R.A.B., C.H.P., M.K., G.W., C.L.), University of Augsburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-018-1290-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12410-017-9400-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2015.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa598"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2021.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.123.266305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-023-06395-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41824-019-0058-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.116.005217"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.116.179663"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.193854"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.193037"}],"container-title":["Circulation: 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Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.016992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T21:10:32Z","timestamp":1748553032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.016992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.124.016992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circimaging.124.016992","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-9651","1942-0080"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-9651","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0080","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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