{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:03:00Z","timestamp":1780513380673,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In general, women have lower aortic valve calcium (AVC) scores compared with men of similar age, and the AVC score threshold for diagnosing severe aortic stenosis (AS) is lower for women. We examined whether the association of AVC with the long-term risk of clinically significant AS differed for women compared with men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AVC was measured using cardiac computed tomography among 6810 MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants. We examined AVC as a continuous (ln [AVC+1]) and categorical variable (0, 1\u201399, 100\u2013299, \u2265300 AU). Incident moderate or severe AS was adjudicated using standard clinical criteria with a median follow-up of 16 years. The association between AVC and AS was examined using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women comprised 52.9% of participants, with AVC &gt;0 present among 10.1% of women and 17.0% of men. There were 65 cases of incident AS in women and 75 in men. AVC as a continuous variable was associated with a higher risk of incident AS for women (hazard ratio, 1.91 [95% CI, 1.68\u20132.16]) and men (hazard ratio, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.88\u20132.41]). There was no interaction between AVC and sex (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.31) for their association with AS. Women and men had similar adjusted hazards for incident AS across AVC categories, and for those with AVC \u2265300, the hazard ratio was 134.9 (95% CI, 45.1\u2013403.9) for women and 132.8 (95% CI, 6.2\u2013274.9) for men.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association of AVC with the long-term risk of incident AS was similar for women and men, further supporting the utility of AVC as a prognostic marker for incident AS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circimaging.125.018849","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T09:00:36Z","timestamp":1775725236000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-Specific Prognostic Value of Aortic Valve Calcium and the Risk for Aortic Stenosis: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1938-9679","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Natalie","family":"Marrero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami, FL (N.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3166-9335","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kunal","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of Louisville, KY (K.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8034-2366","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jelani K.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.K.G., R.S.B., W.S.P., M.J. Blaha, S.P.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3213-0876","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Razavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Heart Disease Prevention, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (A.C.R.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9616-1946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Budoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (M.J. Budoff), The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5655-8201","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sanjiv J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7191-1723","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jerome I.","family":"Rotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics (J.I.R.), The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1910-3168","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roger S.","family":"Blumenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.K.G., R.S.B., W.S.P., M.J. Blaha, S.P.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8655-5204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wendy S.","family":"Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.K.G., R.S.B., W.S.P., M.J. Blaha, S.P.W.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0735-9756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martha","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbra Streisand Women\u2019s Heart Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California and The Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA (M.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1268-1491","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Leslee J.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Blavatnik Family Women\u2019s Health Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (L.J.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9930-7189","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"George","family":"Thanassoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive and Genomic Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center Research institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (G.T.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5138-9683","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Blaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (J.K.G., R.S.B., W.S.P., M.J. 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