{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:42:43Z","timestamp":1789429363560,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Depression and anxiety in patients with cardiac disease are common and independently associated with morbidity and mortality. We aimed to explore the use of a 3-step approach to identify inpatients with cardiac disease with depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), or panic disorder; understand the predictive value of individual screening items in identifying these disorders; and assess the relative prevalence of these disorders in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              To identify depression and anxiety disorders in inpatients with cardiac disease as part of a care management trial, an iterative 3-step screening procedure was used. This included an existing 4-item (Coping Screen) tool in nursing data sets, a 5-item screen for positive Coping Screen patients (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2], GAD-2, and an item about panic attacks), and a diagnostic evaluation using PHQ-9 and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders anxiety disorder modules. Overall, 6210 inpatients received the Coping Screen, 581 completed portions of all 3 evaluation steps, and 210 received a diagnosis (143 depression, 129 GAD, 30 panic disorder). Controlling for age, sex, and the other screening items, PHQ-2 items independently predicted depression (little interest\/pleasure: odds ratio [OR]=6.65,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001; depression: OR=5.24,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001), GAD-2 items predicted GAD (anxious: OR=4.09,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.003; unable to control worrying: OR=10.46,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and the panic item predicted panic disorder (OR=49.61,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>GAD was nearly as prevalent as depression in this cohort, and GAD-2 was an effective screening tool; however, panic disorder was rare. These results support the use of 2-step screening for depression and GAD beginning with a 4-item scale (GAD-2 plus PHQ-2).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Unique Identifier: NCT01201967. URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01201967\">http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01201967<\/jats:ext-link>\n              .\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.111.000049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]],"date-time":"2013-06-12T02:00:27Z","timestamp":1371002427000},"page":"498-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Feasibility and Utility of Screening for Depression and Anxiety Disorders in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Celano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.C., J.L.J., J.C.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.M.C., L.S., C.M., J.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (J.L.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.C., J.L.J., J.C.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.M.C., L.S., C.M., J.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (J.L.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Mastromauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.C., J.L.J., J.C.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.M.C., L.S., C.M., J.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (J.L.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Januzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.C., J.L.J., J.C.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.M.C., L.S., C.M., J.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (J.L.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff C.","family":"Huffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.M.C., J.L.J., J.C.H.); Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (C.M.C., L.S., C.M., J.C.H.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (J.L.J.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2004.059451"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000146294.82810.9c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000146332.53619.b2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.108.190769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.667"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S6880"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2005.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520220043029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.10.1042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38683.710255.BE"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.110.959379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2010.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.110.960302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.12.1332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.110.960013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000080387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2007.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"613","article-title":"An ultra-brief screening scale for anxiety and depression: the PHQ-4.","volume":"50","author":"Kroenke K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, L\u00f6we B. 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