{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:28:28Z","timestamp":1791235708344,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mobile health interventions may support risk factor management and are readily scalable in healthcare systems. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of a text messaging\u2013based intervention to improve glycemic control in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus in China.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The CHAT-DM study (Cardiovascular Health and Texting-Diabetes Mellitus) was a parallel-group, single-blind, randomized clinical trial that included 502 patients with both coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus from 34 hospitals in China. The intervention group (n=251) received 6 text messages per week for 6 months in addition to usual care. Messages were theory driven and culturally tailored to provide educational and motivational information on glucose monitoring, blood pressure control, medication adherence, physical activity, and lifestyle. The control group (n=251) received usual care and 2 thank you messages per month. The primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              [hemoglobin A\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              ]) from baseline to 6 months. Secondary outcomes were change in proportion of patients achieving HbA\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              &lt;7%, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, body mass index, and physical activity from baseline to 6 months. The end points were assessed using analyses of covariance. The follow-up rate was 99%. When compared with control group at 6 months, the intervention group had a greater reduction in HbA\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              (\u22120.2% versus 0.1%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.003) and a greater proportion of participants who achieved HbA\n              <jats:sub>1C<\/jats:sub>\n              &lt;7% (69.3% versus 52.6%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.004). Change in fasting blood glucose was larger in the intervention group (between-group difference: \u22120.6 mmol\/L; 95% CI, \u22121.1 to \u22120.2;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.011), but no other outcome differences were observed. Nearly all participants reported that messages were easy to understand (97.1%) and useful (94.1%).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A text message intervention resulted in better glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. While the mechanism of this benefit remains to be determined, the results suggest that a simple, culturally sensitive mobile text messaging program may provide an effective and feasible way to improve disease self-management.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              . Unique identifier: NCT02883842.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.119.005805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T09:00:12Z","timestamp":1567242012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Effects of Mobile Text Messaging on Glycemic Control in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiqian","family":"Huo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harlan M.","family":"Krumholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT (H.M.K., E.S.S., Q.D.)."},{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.M.K., E.S.S.)."},{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (H.M.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueke","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica S.","family":"Spatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT (H.M.K., E.S.S., Q.D.)."},{"name":"Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (H.M.K., E.S.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, CT (H.M.K., E.S.S., Q.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Horak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (P.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weigang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (W.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuhong","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China (Q.G.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiamin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuekun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchi","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Spertus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Outcomes Research, Saint Luke\u2019s Mid America Heart Institute\/University of Missouri-Kansas City (J.A.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick A.","family":"Masoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (F.A.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory  of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (X.H., X.B., H.Z., X.Y., Y.S., J. Liu, X.W., W.G., X.W., J.Li, X.L., X.Z.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas Eighth edition 2017. http:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/. Accessed 3 June 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","volume-title":"National Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases in China","author":"National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC","year":"2015","unstructured":"National Health and Family Planning Commission of the PRC. National Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases in China. China: People\u2019s Medical Publishing House; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-010-9128-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.02.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"452","article-title":"[Epidemiological survey of chronic vascular complications of type 2 diabetic in-patients in four municipalities].","volume":"24","author":"Zhang B","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang, B, Xiang, HD, Mao, WB, Guo, XH, Wang, JC, Jia, WP, Yu, M, Li, QF, Fu, ZY, Cao, WH, Qian, RL. [Epidemiological survey of chronic vascular complications of type 2 diabetic in-patients in four municipalities]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 2002;24:452\u2013456.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci17-0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1959"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10945"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0505"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017530"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018302"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.172596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.26461"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529712"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.114.000967"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-0612-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","first-page":"579","article-title":"[2010 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension].","volume":"39","author":"Liu LS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu, LS; Writing Group of 2010 Chinese Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. [2010 Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi. 2011;39:579\u2013615.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","unstructured":"IPAQ. International Physical Activity Questionnaire. https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/theipaq\/home. Accessed February 14 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","unstructured":"NCSS Statistical Software. PASS 11. www.ncss.com\/pass.html. Accessed March 3 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2197"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.150885"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122855"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.27.3.379"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800256"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470"}],"container-title":["Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T03:45:20Z","timestamp":1715571920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005805"}},"subtitle":["A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circoutcomes.119.005805","relation":{},"ISSN":["1941-7713","1941-7705"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1941-7713","type":"print"},{"value":"1941-7705","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e005805"}}