{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T11:43:02Z","timestamp":1793619782793,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Peripheral artery disease is common and associated with high mortality. There are limited data detailing causes of death among patients with peripheral artery disease.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>EUCLID (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease) was a randomized clinical trial that assigned patients with peripheral artery disease to clopidogrel or ticagrelor. We describe the causes of death in EUCLID using mortality end points adjudicated through a clinical events classification process. The association between baseline factors and cardiovascular death was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards modeling. The competing risk of noncardiovascular death was assessed by the cumulative incidence function for cardiovascular death and the Fine and Gray method to ascertain the association between baseline characteristics and cardiovascular mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 1263 out of 13\u2009885 (9.1%) patients died (median follow-up: 30 months). There were 706 patients (55.9%) with a cardiovascular cause of death and 522 (41.3%) with a noncardiovascular cause of death. The most common cause of cardiovascular death was sudden cardiac death (20.1%); while myocardial infarction (5.2%) and ischemic stroke (3.2%) were uncommon. The most common causes of noncardiovascular death were malignancies (17.9%) and infections (11.9%). The factor most associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular death was age per 5 year increase (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.20\u20131.32]). Female sex was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular death (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.56\u20130.82]). To evaluate the effect of noncardiovascular death as a competing risk, we superimposed the cumulative incidence function curve with the Kaplan-Meier curve. These curves closely approximated each other. After accounting for the competing risk of noncardiovascular death, the magnitude and direction of the factors associated with cardiovascular death were minimally changed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease, noncardiovascular causes of death reflected a high proportion (40%) of deaths. Accounting for noncardiovascular deaths as a competing risk, there was not a significant change in the risk estimation for cardiovascular death.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Registration:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\">https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n              ; Unique identifier: NCT01732822.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.120.006550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T19:00:40Z","timestamp":1605639640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Cause of Death Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"13","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01732822","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3570-2136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ajar","family":"Kochar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA (A.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hillary","family":"Mulder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute (H.M., F.W.R., R.D.L., H.R.A.-K., M.R.P.), Duke University, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank W.","family":"Rockhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute (H.M., F.W.R., R.D.L., H.R.A.-K., M.R.P.), Duke University, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Cardiovascular Centre, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Switzerland (I.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8216-4647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Surgery, New York University School of Medicine (J.S.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juuso I.","family":"Blomster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital, Finland (J.I.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Gerry R.","family":"Fowkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (F.G.R.F.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Katona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AstraZeneca Gaithersburg, MD (B.G.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2999-4961","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renato D.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine (R.D.L., M.R.P., W.S.J.), Duke University, Durham, NC."},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute (H.M., F.W.R., R.D.L., H.R.A.-K., M.R.P.), Duke University, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein R.","family":"Al-Khalidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute (H.M., F.W.R., R.D.L., H.R.A.-K., M.R.P.), Duke University, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Mahaffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (K.W.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Norgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, \u00d6rebro University, Sweden (L.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Hiatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine and CPC Clinical Research, Aurora (W.R.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manesh R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine (R.D.L., M.R.P., W.S.J.), Duke University, Durham, NC."},{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute (H.M., F.W.R., R.D.L., H.R.A.-K., M.R.P.), Duke University, Durham, NC."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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