{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:32:08Z","timestamp":1779366728938,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Long-term control of cardiovascular risk factors after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the cornerstone for preventing recurrence. We investigated the extent of cardiovascular risk factor management in males and females with and without familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) 5 years after ACS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We studied patients hospitalized for ACS between 2009 and 2017 in a Swiss multicenter prospective cohort study. FH was defined based on clinical criteria from the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network and Simon Broome definitions. Five years post-ACS, we assessed low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), and other cardiovascular risk factors, comparing males to females with and without FH using generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              A total of 3139 patients were included; mean age was 61.4 years (SD, 12.1), 620 (19.8%) were female, and 747 (23.5%) had possible FH. Compared with males at 5-years post-ACS, females were more likely to not use statins (odds ratio, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.28\u20132.03]) and less likely to have combination LLT (odds ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.55\u20130.93]), without difference between patients with FH and without FH. Females in both FH and non-FH groups less frequently reached LDL-c values \u22641.8 mmol\/L (odds ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.78\u20130.93]). Overall, patients with FH were more frequently on high-dose statins compared with patients without FH (51.0% versus 42.9%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001) and presented more frequently with a combination of 2 or more LLT compared with patients without FH (33.8% versus 17.7%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), but less frequently reached LDL-c targets of \u22641.8 mmol\/L (33.5% versus 44.3%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001) or \u22642.6 mmol\/L (70.2% versus 78.1%;\n              <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Five years after ACS, females had less intensive LLT and were less likely to reach target LDL-c levels than males, regardless of FH status. Males and females with FH had less optimal control of LDL-c despite more frequently taking high-dose statins or combination LLT compared with patients without FH. Long-term management of patients with ACS and FH, especially females, warrants optimization.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.123.010790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,20]],"date-time":"2024-06-20T09:00:38Z","timestamp":1718874038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association Between Patient Sex and Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Long-Term Cardiovascular Risk Factor Management 5 Years After Acute Coronary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9198-4188","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristina","family":"Krasieva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisant\u00e9), University of Lausanne, Switzerland (K.K., I.L., D.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-9694","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Baris","family":"Gencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland (B.G., D.C., F.M.)."},{"name":"Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Switzerland (B.G., N.R.)."},{"name":"Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (B.G., O.M., S.F.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0870-1461","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isabella","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisant\u00e9), University of Lausanne, Switzerland (K.K., I.L., D.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3212-1272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Carballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland (B.G., D.C., F.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2441-5799","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Olivier","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (B.G., O.M., S.F.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Cardiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (B.G., O.M., S.F.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8124-1767","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christian 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