{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T05:35:32Z","timestamp":1787117732549,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circ: Population Health and Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 hospitalization in the pre-Omicron era was associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, but data from the Omicron era are sparse. We examined the risk of death and major adverse cardiovascular events among older adults hospitalized with COVID-19 during the Omicron era compared with the pre-Omicron era and a historical influenza cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries aged \u226565 years hospitalized for COVID-19 in the Omicron era (November 2021\u2013September2022), COVID-19 in the pre-Omicron era (March 2020\u2013November 2021), and influenza (October 2017\u2013September 2018). The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death and hospitalization for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, heart failure, and cardiac arrest within 1 year of the index admission. We standardized the cohorts using inverse probability weighting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 1\u2009184\u2009182 patients (mean age 79 years; 51% women):361\u2009382 in the Omicron cohort, 731\u2009455 in the pre-Omicron cohort, and 91\u2009345 in the influenza cohort. The risk of the primary outcome in the Omicron cohort was lower than in the pre-Omicron cohort (48.8% versus 49.3%; standardized risk difference, \u22120.6% [95% CI, \u22120.8% to \u22120.3%]) but higher than in the influenza cohort (48.8% versus 33.4%; risk difference, 15.4% [15.1%\u201315.6%]). Compared with the pre-Omicron cohort, the Omicron cohort had a significantly lower risk of death (34.2% versus 39.7%; risk difference, \u22125.5% [\u22125.7% to \u22125.3%]) but a higher risk of myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack, pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, and heart failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among older adults hospitalized with COVID-19, the risk of death within 1 year was lower, and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular event was higher in the Omicron era than the pre-Omicron era; however, the risk of either outcome was higher than after influenza hospitalization. These findings underscore the need for effective cardiovascular prevention strategies after a COVID-19 hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circoutcomes.125.012993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T09:00:15Z","timestamp":1785402015000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-term Cardiovascular Outcomes in US Medicare Beneficiaries After COVID-19 Hospitalization During the Omicron Era"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6989-3079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S\u00e9rgio R.R.","family":"Decker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.R.D., Y.S., I.J.D., R.W.Y., D.S.K.)."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.R.R.D., R.W.Y., D.S.K.)."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Outcomes Research Lab, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil (S.R.R.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8052-8395","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.R.D., Y.S., I.J.D., R.W.Y., D.S.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2215-9931","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Issa J.","family":"Dahabreh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.R.D., Y.S., I.J.D., R.W.Y., D.S.K.)."},{"name":"CAUSALab, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (I.J.D.)."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (I.J.D., D.S.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0564-4468","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.R.D., Y.S., I.J.D., R.W.Y., D.S.K.)."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.R.R.D., R.W.Y., D.S.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9510-2979","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dhruv S.","family":"Kazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (S.R.R.D., Y.S., I.J.D., R.W.Y., D.S.K.)."},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.R.R.D., R.W.Y., D.S.K.)."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (I.J.D., D.S.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.10.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01689-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02987-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076222"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18890"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.2730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2023.154318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7106a4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7224a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-2721"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27524"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7137a4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.14131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","volume-title":"Master beneficiary summary file (MBSF)","author":"Research Data Assistance Center","unstructured":"Research Data Assistance Center. Master beneficiary summary file (MBSF). Accessed May 28, 2024. https:\/\/resdac.org\/cms-data\/files\/mbsf-base"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","volume-title":"Master beneficiary summary file (MBSF): chronic conditions segment","author":"Research Data Assistance Center","unstructured":"Research Data Assistance Center. Master beneficiary summary file (MBSF): chronic conditions segment. Accessed July 14, 2025. https:\/\/resdac.org\/cms-data\/files\/mbsf-30-cc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","volume-title":"American Hospital Association","author":"AHA Annual Survey Database","unstructured":"AHA Annual Survey Database. American Hospital Association. Accessed May 28, 2024. https:\/\/www.ahadata.com\/aha-annual-survey-database"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1547-7355.1792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"The US Department of Agriculture. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Accessed June 12 2024. https:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/place-health\/php\/svi\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","volume-title":"Economic Research Service: U.S. Department of Agriculture","author":"United States Department of Agriculture","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Accessed June 12, 2024. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.121.008612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jci-2017-0027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2712"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.4970"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/000313006x152207"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.02521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","volume-title":"Causal inference: What if. chapter 17: causal survival analysis","author":"Hernan M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hernan M, Robins J. Causal inference: What if. chapter 17: causal survival analysis. Chapman & Hall\/CRC. 2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(97)11084-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041747"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-307691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001063"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.8.847"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033877"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-068407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07570-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47690-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2023-323483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001309"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2018.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000002060"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.20323"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7106e2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.01.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.4462"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chstcc.2023.100006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.24294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-045343"}],"container-title":["Circulation: Population Health and Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.125.012993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T18:00:51Z","timestamp":1787076051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.125.012993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.125.012993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circoutcomes.125.012993","relation":{},"ISSN":["3068-563X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"3068-563X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}