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We are beginning to understand the functions that miRNAs play during essential biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stress response, and tumorigenesis. The identification of miRNAs expressed in specific cardiac and vascular cell types has led to the discovery of important regulatory roles for these small RNAs during cardiomyocyte differentiation, cell cycle, conduction, vessel formation, and during stages of cardiac hypertrophy in the adult. Here, we overview the recent findings on miRNA regulation in cardiovascular development and report the latest advances in understanding their function by unveiling their mRNA targets. Further analysis of miRNA function during cardiovascular development will allow us to determine the potential for novel miRNA-based therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.108.192872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,26]],"date-time":"2009-03-26T20:57:46Z","timestamp":1238101066000},"page":"724-732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":264,"title":["MicroRNA Regulation of Cardiovascular Development"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Kimberly R.","family":"Cordes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry &amp; Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Srivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry &amp; Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2006.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01886-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2007.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90529-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90530-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35040556"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35002607"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2006.0549"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05939"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1540407"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.7135204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb1167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.5167604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh824"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02871"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00759-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00801-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1274"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01254-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05983"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030085"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03817"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1184404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth954"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","first-page":"826","volume":"6","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buckingham M, Meilhac S, Zaffran S. 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