{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:35:37Z","timestamp":1792737337828,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Rationale:<\/jats:underline>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In cardiac myocytes, \u201cCa\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      sparks\u201d represent the stereotyped elemental unit of Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      release arising from activation of large arrays of ryanodine receptors (RyRs), whereas \u201cCa\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      blinks\u201d represent the reciprocal Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      depletion signal produced in the terminal cisterns of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum. Emerging evidence, however, suggests possible substructures in local Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      release events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Objective:<\/jats:underline>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With improved detection ability and sensitivity provided by simultaneous spark\u2013blink pair measurements, we investigated possible release events that are smaller than sparks and their interplay with regular sparks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Methods and Results:<\/jats:underline>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We directly visualized small solitary release events amid noise: spontaneous Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      quark-like or \u201cquarky\u201d Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      release (QCR) events in rabbit ventricular myocytes. Because the frequency of QCR events in paced myocytes is much higher than the frequency of Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      sparks, the total Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      leak attributable to the small QCR events is approximately equal to that of the spontaneous Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      sparks. Furthermore, the Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      release underlying a spark consists of an initial high-flux stereotypical release component and a low-flux highly variable QCR component. The QCR part of the spark, but not the initial release, is sensitive to cytosolic Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      buffering by EGTA, suggesting that the QCR component is attributable to a Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      -induced Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      release mechanism. Experimental evidence, together with modeling, suggests that QCR events may depend on the opening of rogue RyR2s (or small cluster of RyR2s).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Conclusions:<\/jats:underline>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      QCR events play an important role in shaping elemental Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      release characteristics and the nonspark QCR events contribute to \u201cinvisible\u201d Ca\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      leak in health and disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.110.231258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,9]],"date-time":"2010-12-09T23:57:35Z","timestamp":1291939055000},"page":"210-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Quarky Calcium Release in the Heart"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Didier X.P.","family":"Brochet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET) (D.X.P.B., W.J.L.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Institute of Molecular Medicine (W.X., H.C.), National Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China; and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.Y.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET) (D.X.P.B., W.J.L.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Institute of Molecular Medicine (W.X., H.C.), National Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China; and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.Y.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET) (D.X.P.B., W.J.L.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Institute of Molecular Medicine (W.X., H.C.), National Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China; and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.Y.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET) (D.X.P.B., W.J.L.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Institute of Molecular Medicine (W.X., H.C.), National Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China; and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.Y.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Jonathan","family":"Lederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET) (D.X.P.B., W.J.L.), University of Maryland, Baltimore; Institute of Molecular Medicine (W.X., H.C.), National Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Peking University, Beijing, China; and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences (D.Y.), National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00308.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1994.sp020037"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000233386.02708.72"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500059102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703016104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.105.077180"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908971106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.028175"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2005.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8235594"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7754384"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7754383"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021286"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.801bp.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306157101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)75149-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(95)80088-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021708"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)75165-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(04)74095-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(02)75584-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.115.2.139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/A834"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.107.183236"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(98)77491-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.114.6.787"}],"container-title":["Circulation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.231258","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T23:20:55Z","timestamp":1715556055000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.231258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.110.231258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.110.231258","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.9123964.9706066","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0009-7330","1524-4571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7330","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-06-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-11-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-12-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}