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Consequently, several different targets in HDL metabolism have been identified.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>Initial studies addressing the effect of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibition on cardiovascular disease outcome have been discontinued for reasons of futility or increased mortality. As of yet, 2 cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors are still in phase III studies. Other HDL-based interventions, such as apolipoprotein A1\u2013based compounds, ABC-transporter upregulators, selective peroxisome proliferator\u2013activated receptor modulators and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase\u2013based therapy, hold great promise for the future. 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