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New insight in epidemiology now suggests that these lipoproteins, marked by high triglycerides, are strong and independent predictors of ASCVD and all-cause mortality, and that their cholesterol content or remnant cholesterol likewise are strong predictors of ASCVD. Of all adults, 27% have triglycerides &gt;2 mmol\/L (176 mg\/dL), and 21% have remnant cholesterol &gt;1 mmol\/L (39 mg\/dL). For individuals in the general population with nonfasting triglycerides of 6.6 mmol\/L (580 mg\/dL) compared with individuals with levels of 0.8 mmol\/L (70 mg\/dL), the risks were 5.1-fold for myocardial infarction, 3.2-fold for ischemic heart disease, 3.2-fold for ischemic stroke, and 2.2-fold for all-cause mortality. Also, genetic studies using the Mendelian randomization design, an approach that minimizes problems with confounding and reverse causation, now demonstrate that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are causally associated with ASCVD and all-cause mortality. Finally, genetic evidence also demonstrates that high concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are causally associated with low-grade inflammation. This suggests that an important part of inflammation in atherosclerosis and ASCVD is because of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein degradation and uptake into macrophage foam cells in the arterial intima. Taken together, new insights now strongly suggest that elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins represent causal risk factors for low-grade inflammation, ASCVD, and all-cause mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.115.306249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,18]],"date-time":"2016-02-18T18:42:03Z","timestamp":1455820923000},"page":"547-563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1073,"title":["Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"B\u00f8rge G.","family":"Nordestgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.4.5.443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"77","volume":"8","author":"Strategies for the prevention of coronary heart disease: a policy statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society","year":"1987","unstructured":"Strategies for the prevention of coronary heart disease: a policy statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. 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