{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T23:40:03Z","timestamp":1793144403743,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>\n              <jats:underline>Rationale:<\/jats:underline>\n            <\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Coronary endothelial dysfunction (ED)\u2014an early marker of atherosclerosis\u2014increases the risk of cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>\n              <jats:underline>Objective:<\/jats:underline>\n            <\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We tested the hypothesis that cholesterol efflux capacity and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle concentration predict coronary ED better than HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>\n              <jats:underline>Methods and Results:<\/jats:underline>\n            <\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We studied 80 subjects with nonobstructive (&lt;30% stenosis) coronary artery disease. ED was defined as &lt;50% change in coronary blood flow in response to intracoronary infusions of acetylcholine during diagnostic coronary angiography. Cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL particle concentration (HDL-P\n              <jats:sub>IMA<\/jats:sub>\n              ) were assessed with validated assays. Cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL-P\n              <jats:sub>IMA<\/jats:sub>\n              were both strong, inverse predictors of ED (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001 and 0.005, respectively). In contrast, HDL-C and other traditional lipid risk factors did not differ significantly between control and ED subjects. Large HDL particles were markedly decreased in ED subjects (33%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.005). After correction for HDL-C, both efflux capacity and HDL-P\n              <jats:sub>IMA<\/jats:sub>\n              remained significant predictors of ED status. HDL-P\n              <jats:sub>IMA<\/jats:sub>\n              explained cholesterol efflux capacity more effectively than HDL-C (\n              <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.54 and 0.36, respectively). The efflux capacities of isolated HDL and serum HDL correlated strongly (\n              <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.49).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>\n              <jats:underline>Conclusions:<\/jats:underline>\n            <\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Cholesterol efflux capacity and HDL-P\n              <jats:sub>IMA<\/jats:sub>\n              are reduced in subjects with coronary ED, independently of HDL-C. Alterations in HDL-P\n              <jats:sub>IMA<\/jats:sub>\n              and HDL itself account for a much larger fraction of the variation in cholesterol efflux capacity than does HDL-C. A selective decrease in large HDL particles may contribute to impaired cholesterol efflux capacity in ED subjects. These observations support a role for HDL size, concentration, and function as markers\u2014and perhaps mediators\u2014of coronary atherosclerosis in humans.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.116.308357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T04:24:35Z","timestamp":1461644675000},"page":"83-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Patients With Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Have Impaired Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Reduced HDL Particle Concentration"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Monette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Hutchins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graziella E.","family":"Ronsein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake","family":"Wimberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela D.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chongren","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaskanwal D.","family":"Sara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baohai","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Vaisar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Lerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (J.D.S., A.L.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay W.","family":"Heinecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.S.M., P.M.H., G.E.R., J.W., A.D.I., C.T., B.S., T.V., J.W.H.); 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