{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T03:33:51Z","timestamp":1792640031093,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>\n              <jats:underline>Rationale:<\/jats:underline>\n            <\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Current cardiovascular clinical imaging techniques offer only limited assessment of innate immune cell-driven inflammation, which is a potential therapeutic target in myocardial infarction (MI) and other diseases. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (MR) is an emerging imaging technology that generates contrast agents with 10- to 20\u2009000-fold improvements in MR signal, enabling cardiac metabolite mapping.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>\n              <jats:underline>Objective:<\/jats:underline>\n            <\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              To determine whether hyperpolarized MR using [1-\n              <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n              C]pyruvate can assess the local cardiac inflammatory response after MI.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>\n              <jats:underline>Methods and Results:<\/jats:underline>\n            <\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              We performed hyperpolarized [1-\n              <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n              C]pyruvate MR studies in small and large animal models of MI and in macrophage-like cell lines and measured the resulting [1-\n              <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n              C]lactate signals. MI caused intense [1-\n              <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n              C]lactate signal in healing myocardial segments at both day 3 and 7 after rodent MI, which was normalized at both time points after monocyte\/macrophage depletion. A near-identical [1-\n              <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n              C]lactate signature was also seen at day 7 after experimental MI in pigs. Hyperpolarized [1-\n              <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n              C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy in macrophage-like cell suspensions demonstrated that macrophage activation and polarization with lipopolysaccharide almost doubled hyperpolarized lactate label flux rates in vitro; blockade of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose in activated cells normalized lactate label flux rates and markedly inhibited the production of key proinflammatory cytokines. Systemic administration of 2-deoxyglucose after rodent MI normalized the hyperpolarized [1-\n              <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n              C]lactate signal in healing myocardial segments at day 3 and also caused dose-dependent improvement in IL (interleukin)-1\u03b2 expression in infarct tissue without impairing the production of key reparative cytokines. Cine MRI demonstrated improvements in systolic function in 2-DG (2-deoxyglucose)\u2013treated rats at 3 months.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>\n              <jats:underline>Conclusions:<\/jats:underline>\n            <\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Hyperpolarized MR using [1-\n              <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n              C]pyruvate provides a novel method for the assessment of innate immune cell-driven inflammation in the heart after MI, with broad potential applicability across other cardiovascular disease states and suitability for early clinical translation.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.117.312535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,12]],"date-time":"2018-02-12T20:05:14Z","timestamp":1518465914000},"page":"1084-1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Noninvasive Immunometabolic Cardiac Inflammation Imaging Using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.M.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angus Z.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver J.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin P.","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Neubauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn A.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damian J.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1230719"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2014.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175202"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11260"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1733835100"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1650"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805953105"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.024919"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309769"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.10389"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra063052"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070885"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25730"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142520"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300890"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2008.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmr.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5436"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","first-page":"I204","article-title":"Deleterious effects of methylprednisolone in patients with myocardial infarction.","volume":"53","author":"Roberts R","year":"1976","unstructured":"Roberts, R, DeMello, V, Sobel, BE. 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