{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:57:11Z","timestamp":1792634231655,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Circulation Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Rationale:<\/jats:underline>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the health effects of beta carotene have been studied extensively, a systematic examination of serum concentrations and long-term mortality, including cardiovascular disease mortality, has not been reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Objective:<\/jats:underline>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Explore whether serum beta carotene is associated with overall and cause-specific mortality and to elucidate the strength and dose-response of the association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Methods and Results:<\/jats:underline>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a prospective serological analysis of 29\u2009103 men in the ATBC study (Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention). During 31 years of follow-up, 23\u2009796 deaths occurred, including deaths because of cardiovascular disease (9869), cancer (7692), respiratory disease (2161), diabetes mellitus (119), injuries and accidents (1255), and other causes (2700). Serum beta carotene was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Adjusting for major risk factors measured, men with higher serum beta carotene had significantly lower all-cause mortality (hazard ratios=0.81, 0.71, 0.69, and 0.64 for quintile 2 (Q2)-Q5 versus Q1, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;0.0001). Serum beta carotene was significantly associated with risk of death from cardiovascular disease, heart disease, stroke, cancer, respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus, injuries and accidents, and other causes (Q5 versus Q1, hazard ratio=0.21\u20130.73, all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                      &lt;0.0001). The all-cause mortality association was not materially impacted by adjustment for fruit and vegetable consumption (albeit, estimated with some measurement error) and was generally similar across subgroups of smoking intensity, alcohol consumption, trial supplementation, and duration of follow-up, but was significantly modified by age, years of smoking, and body mass index, with stronger inverse associations among men who were younger, smoked fewer years, and had a lower body mass index (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>interaction<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u22640.0025).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>\n                      <jats:underline>Conclusions:<\/jats:underline>\n                    <\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides evidence that higher beta carotene biochemical status is associated with lower overall, cardiovascular disease, heart disease, stroke, cancer, and other causes of mortality. The dose-response associations over a 30-year period were not attenuated by adjustment for other important risk factors and support greater fruit and vegetable consumption as a means to increase beta carotene status and promote longevity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.118.313409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T14:01:02Z","timestamp":1544104862000},"page":"1339-1349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Serum Beta Carotene and Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (J.H., S.J.W., K.Y., D.A.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (J.H., S.J.W., K.Y., D.A.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (J.H., S.J.W., K.Y., D.A.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satu","family":"M\u00e4nnist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (S.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetrius","family":"Albanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (J.H., S.J.W., K.Y., D.A.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2004.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/134.1.225S"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.15.1903"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2015.02.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26983"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0381"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0952"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003053"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.5.1119"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","first-page":"533","article-title":"A population-based follow-up study on mortality from cancer or cardiovascular disease and serum carotenoids, retinol and tocopherols in Japanese inhabitants.","volume":"7","author":"Ito Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ito, Y, Suzuki, K, Ishii, J, Hishida, H, Tamakoshi, A, Hamajima, N, Aoki, K. A population-based follow-up study on mortality from cancer or cardiovascular disease and serum carotenoids, retinol and tocopherols in Japanese inhabitants. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2006;7:533\u2013546.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.2.344"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.16.154"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/78.5.999"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404143301501"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605023341802"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605023341801"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.24.2102"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)90036-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/32.5.874"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw319"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4229"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2000.tb07810.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.2000.2149"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","volume-title":"Critical Reviews of Oxidative Stress and Aging Advances in Basic Science, Diagnostics and Intervention","author":"Rodriguez H","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rodriguez, H, Cutler, RG. Critical Reviews of Oxidative Stress and Aging Advances in Basic Science, Diagnostics and Intervention. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company; 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2018.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602253"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/70.3.475s"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2013\/6518.3306"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu3010063"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g4490"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708073370607"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2002.00973.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5124849"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601046"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1189-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.3.9904040"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207851"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10284150701250747"}],"container-title":["Circulation Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T01:13:00Z","timestamp":1715562780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313409"}},"subtitle":["A Prospective Cohort Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.118.313409","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-7330","1524-4571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-7330","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}